Religion Exam I

Scripture

a writing or a collection of writing preserved by religious communities as authoritative sources of teaching or worship

Ketuvim

What is the Hebrew word for Scripture?

Graphe

What is the greek word for Scripture?

Scriptura

What is the Latin word for scripture?

Recited in prayer, read in ritual, explained and interpreted, and memorized

How is scripture used?

Tradition

a teaching or book considered valuable, but not as authoritative as scripture

Paradosis

What is the greek word for tradition?

Tradito

What is the latin word for tradition?

interprets scripture, public preaching, private study, transmitted by specalists

How is tradition used

Torah, Nevi’m and Ketuvim

What are the three parts of the Hebrew Bible?

Torah

section of the Hebrew bible explaining the teachings

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

What are the Five Books of the Torah?

Nevi’im

The second section of the Hebrew Bible explaining the prophets

Joshua, Judges, 1+2 Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the 12 minor prophets

What are the sections of Nev’im

Ketuvim

The third section of the Hebrew Bible, writings

Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles

What are the parts of the Ketuvim

Canon

an official rule, standard, or authoritative list of sacred writings established by a religious body

Abraham

Who moved from his home to the Land of Canaan per the request of God?

Covenants

agreements or contracts between God and Israel

Babylonian Captivity

In 586 BCE, Jews are led off from their home and held captive

Cyrus the Great

Who freed the Jews from Babylonian Captivity?

Ketuvim

which section of the bible describes the return of the exiles and the rebuilding of the second temple?

Abraham

WHo is a model of covenantal obedience

Priestly elites who returned from Babylon

Who assembled the Hebrew Bible in its current form?

70 CE

When was the Second Temple destroyed by a Roman Army?

priests

Who lost power during the destruction of the Second Temple?

Rabbis

Who gained authority after the destruction of the Second Temple

Rabbis

who argued that Jews had to be especially attentive to the will of God and his commandments, rather than temple sacrifice?

Mishnah

The oral Torah that was handed down from teacher to student that expanded and guarded the written form

Zera’im, Mo’ed, Nashim, Neziqin, Qodashim, Tohorot

What are the 6 Orders in the Mishnah?

Zera’im

topic of the mishnah on agriculture

Mo’ed

topic of the Mishnah on Sabbath and Annual Festivals

Nashim

topic of the Mishnah on marriage, divorce, menstruation, and law of oaths

Neziqin

topic of the Mishnah on Civil and Criminal Law and Courts

Qodashim

Topic of the Mishnah on temple worship and sacrifice

Tohorot

Topic in the Mishnah on Purity

Halakah

rabbinic term for a legal tradition, on all aspects of daily life and worship

Aggadah

a rabbinic tradition that is a story or exposition about history, ethics or theology

Midrash

a rabbinic tradition for halakhic or aggadic tradition transmitted as commentary on a scriptural verse

talmud

discussion/ debate between rabbis about the Misnah

Palestinian Talmud

a halakic commentary on the Mishnah, edited in the alte 4th century CE in Galilee

Babylonian Talmud

a halakhic commentary on the Mishnah, edited in the 6th century CE in Mesopotamia

Abraham

If you follow Jesus and believe in Christ you are related to

27

How many books are in the New Testament

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John

What are the Four Gospels of the New Testament

Matthew, Mark and Luke

Who are the synoptics

Acts of the Apostles

What is the fifth book of the New Testament that tells the story of how the early Christian church began and spread

Paul

Who is attributed as writing many of the Epistles

Papias of Hierapolis

Greek Apostolic Father, Bishop of Hierapolis, and author who lived c. AD 60 – c. 130. He is mainly known for gathering oral stories about Jesus and his disciples from John the Elder and the daughters of Philip

Quelle (Q)

What is the sayings source for the 3 synoptics

biography

The Gospels are written as a

The Gospel of Mark

Jesus as a mysterious miracle worker

The Gospel of Matthew

Jesus as a new Moses with a new law, restorer of Judaism

The Gospel of Luke

Jesus as a prophet to the poor, with universal message; continued in the Acts of the Apostles

The Gospel of John

Jesus as divine son of God, who delivers long revelatory speeches

Apocrypha

early secret Christian writings not included in the New Testament

authoritative

most christains saw the old testament as

antiquity, apostolicity,and orthodoxy

What factors affected canonicity

Gospel of Thomas

an ancient, non-canonical collection of 114 secret sayings attributed to Jesus

Orthodoxy

correct belief in opposition to heresy

catholic

the church as a united body with the same doctrines and practices, rather than a conglomeration of local groups

Muhammed

caravan trader in Mecca who recieved a series of revelations, recorded in the Quran

Qu’ran

Islamic scripture in which Allah adresses Abraham

suras

chapters of the Qur’an

Hadith

A recorded collection of the sayings, actions, and silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

sunna

the large number of traditions about Muhammed

Gabriel

Who was Muhammad’s first revelation through

oral

Arabic literary culture, was

Iqra

arabic word for create

Hijra

the 622 CE journey of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina to escape religious persecution

Islamic

Abraham as a model of virtue who embodied primordial, unadulterated monotheism (hanif) by himself

monotheism

belief in one and only one God

Mono

All of the Abrahamic religions are ___theistic

Abraham

Who smashed the idols in the shop of his father to oppose polytheism

Theology

study of God

Judiasm

religion emphasizing the oneness of God, his connection ot Israel, and his Messiah

christianity

religion emphasizing the unity of the Trinity: God, Son, and the Holy Spirit

Islam

Religion emphasizing the fundamental oneness of God, and his revelation, as revleaded by messengers and prophets

Kababalah

esoteric philosophical mystical branch of Judaism that developed in medieval europe

Book of Zohar

what is the foundational text of kabbalah

Messiah

a savior or deliverer to a group of people

mizvot

Rabinnic Judaism developed the idea that the fiulfillment of _____ would lead to the Messiah’s arrival

Abu Isa

an Iranian Jew who revolted against the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad

Sabbati Zvi

The Kabbalistic Messiah

Christian Theology

reasoning and talking about God, developed from ancient philosophy

Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

Who makes up the holy trinitiy

God the Father

a central title for God in Christianity, representing the First Person of the Trinity and the creator and sustainer of the universe

Christ

the anointed one

Logos

describes Jesus Christ as the divine expression and ordering principle of God

Holy Spirit

Paraclete or comforter who will visit christians after death

Modalists

who stressed the unity of God and argued that the same God took on different aspects (father, son, spirit)

Arius

Who argued that the Son and the Spirit were qualitatively different from the Father and less divine: only the father was eternal and he made the Son and Spirit

Council of Nicea

Who argued that God the Father and Jesus are both divine and homoousios

Homoousios

of the same substance, term describing the father and son

Council of Constantinople

Who argued that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, are three separate persons in one divine substance

Christology

the branch of Christian theology that studies the identity, nature, person, and work of Jesus Christ

fully divine and fully human

What are the two natures of Jesus

Dyophysites

who stress the loose connected between the human and divine

Miaphysites

who stressed the importance of the divinity in Chirst’s nature, which swallowed up the human nature

Non-Chalcedonians

Who argues against the idea that Jesus Christ has two distinct, unmerged natures (divine and human) existing side by side after the incarnation.