Anatomy and phys lab quiz 2

Cartilage

• Chondrocytes, found in Lacunae

• Matrix → gel-like with lacunae =, contains fibers, different types of fibers

• Avascular → regeneration is poor

Hyaline

• Scattered chondrocytes surrounded by homogenius matrix

• Not visible microscopically, fine closely packed collegan fibers

• Found in

  • Articular surfaces

  • Trachea and Larynx (respiratory tract)

  • Ribs (costal)

  • Nose

Elastic

• numeruous chondrosctyes, with many htreadlike elastic fibers in the matrix

• Found in

  • Ear (auricle) and eustachian tubes

  • Epiglottis (larynx)

Fibrocartilage

• Few chondrocytes, with large wavy bundles of collagen fibers in the matrix

• Found in

  • intervertebral discs

  • Meniscus of knee

  • public symphysis

Osseous tissue (BONE)

• Cell → osteocytes in lacunae

• Matrix → hard and calcified, contains collagen fibers that are not visible microscopically

• Very organized into cylindrical subunits —> osteons (haversian systems)

Central (haversian) canal

Resides in the center of each osteon with blood wessels that service osteocytes of the system

Lamellae

• Concentric rings of calcified matrix surrounding the central canal

• Lacunae situated between lamellae

• Osteocytes reside in each lacunae

Canaliculi

• Small channels that radiate outward from the central canal to the lacuna, and from lacuna to lacuna

• Allow osteocytes to receive blood from the central canal

Periosteum

A dense connective tissue, outer surface of compact bone

Axial Skeleton

80 bones from the axis, skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, and thoracic rib cage (ribs and sternum)

Appendicular skeleton

• Comprise the upper and lower extremities (arms and legs) and the girdling bones

Girdling bones

attach extremities to the axial skeleton

Ligaments

bands of connective tissue that hold bones together, dense fibrous connective tissue

tendons

bands of connective tissue that attach muscle to bones

Bone markings

the bumps, ridges, roughened

Centrum (body)

Load-bearing portion of the vertebra

Vertebral foramen

The large hole in the center for passage of the spinal cord

transverse process

Lateral projections which serve as attachment sites for muscles

Spinous process

Posterior projections, serve as attachment site for muscles

lamina

portion between the transverse process and the spinous process

Pedicle

Portion between the centrum and transverse process

Superior and inferior articular facets

processes which protrude superiorly and inferiorly to articulate with each other

transverse foramena

• Identifying characteristics found only in cervical vertebra

  • it is a hole in the transverse process which allows for passage of blood vessels entering the occipital part of the brain

Dens (odontoid process)

Serves as a pivot point for the atlas, allows rotation of the atlas on the pivot

Articular faceets on the centrum and transverse processes

The identifying characteristic of thoracic vertebra, serves to articulate with the ribs