unit 3 apush vocab week 8

constitution

the 1787 document that replaced the articles of confederation and created a strong federal government w/ 3 branches, checks and balances and federation

bill of rights

the first 10 amendments, which protect individual liberties like speech, religion, and jury trial

national debt

about $75 million of revolutionary war debt, Hamilton’s plan had the federal government pay it in full and take over the states debt

protective tariffs

taxes on imports meant to shield American manufacturers from foreign competition

revenue tariffs

taxes on imports meant mainly to raise money for the government, like the tariff of 1789

the wealth of nations

Adam Smith’s 1776 book arguing for free markets and against mercantilism

XYZ affair

a 1797 scandal in which French agents demanded a bribe from American diplomats before negotiating

states rights

the idea that states keep power and can resist federal laws they consider unconstitutional, as argued in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798

the Greenville treaty

A 1795 treaty, signed after the Battle of Fallen Timbers in which native nations gave up most of Ohio to the US

Judiciary Act of 1789

the law that created the federal court system, including district and circuit courts and a 6 justice supreme court

Whiskey Rebellion

a 1794 uprising of pennsylvania farmers agains hamilton’s whiskey tax put down by washington with militia

two-term tradition

the precedent washington set by retiring after 2 terms as president

alien and sedition acts

1798 federalist laws that made citizenship harder to get, let the president deport aliens and banned criticism of the government

cotton gin

Eli Whitney’s 1793 machine that quickly removed seeds from cotton