The brain and functions

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain; it handles conscious thoughts, intelligence, reasoning, learning, and voluntary movement.

Cerebellum

Located under the cerebrum at the back of the head; it coordinates muscle movements, balance, posture, and motor memory.

Brainstem

Connects the brain to the spinal cord; it controls automatic, life-sustaining functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Thalamus

Acts as a relay station or router for sensory and motor signals heading to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep cycles to maintain body balance.

Hippocampus

Located in the temporal lobe; it is crucial for forming and organizing new memories.