SLHS FINAL

Volume

Discrete, individual amounts of air in the lungs.

Capacity

Combinations of volumes that reflect functional limits.

Tidal Volume (TV)

Air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Extra air inhaled beyond a normal breath.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Extra air exhaled beyond a normal breath.

Residual Volume (RV)

Air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Total air the lungs can hold (TV + IRV + ERV + RV).

Vital Capacity (VC)

Maximum air exhaled after maximal inhalation (TV + IRV + ERV).

Boyle’s Law

Pressure and volume are inversely related.

Hyoid Bone

Only bone in the larynx, supports tongue and larynx.

Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory

Voice produced by muscle force, tissue elasticity, and airflow; vocal folds vibrate due to pressure and Bernoulli effect.

Harmonics

Multiple frequencies derived from a fundamental frequency (F₀) with decreasing amplitudes.

Fundamental Frequency (F₀)

Greatest common divisor of the component frequencies in a harmonic sound.

Vocal Fold Pitch Control

Achieved by changing the tension and length of vocal folds via cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles.

Source-Filter Theory

Combines vocal fold vibration for voiced sounds and vocal tract shaping for constructing sound.

Formants

Resonant frequencies of the vocal tract related to tongue position.

Active Articulators

Moveable structures used in speech production, such as the tongue and lips.

Passive Articulators

Stationary structures in speech production, such as the alveolar ridge and hard palate.

Assimilation

One sound becomes more like a nearby sound.

Coarticulation

Overlap in articulation of sounds affecting speech production and perception.

Auditory Nerve

Transports auditory information from hair cells in the cochlea to the brain.

Cochlear Transduction Events

Process that converts sound vibrations into neural signals.

Afferent Fibers

Nerve fibers that carry sensory information to the brain.

Efferent Fibers

Nerve fibers that carry information from the brain to muscles and glands.

Cochlear Chambers

Scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympani within the cochlea.

Inner Hair Cells

Sensory cells that send auditory information to the brain.

Outer Hair Cells

Sensory cells that amplify and fine-tune auditory responses.

Categorical Perception

Perceiving sounds in distinct categories; involves tasks like identification and discrimination.

Talker Normalization

Adjustment of perception based on characteristics of the speaker.