behavior change procedures

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the ABA lecture chapters.

Positive Reinforcement Procedures

presentation of positive reinforcers for the purpose of increasing or maintaining desired behaviors

Premack Principle

An antecedent strategy that uses behavior as a positive reinforcement by making the opportunity to engage in a preferred behavior contingent on engaging in a low preference behavior first.

Behavioral Momentum

An increase in rate of desired responding after a client receives reinforcement for completing an easier task.

High Probability Response

A response associated with a history of high compliance.

Low Probability Response

A response associated with a history of low to zero compliance.

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

An antecedent procedure designed to teach clients to use appropriate communication as an alternative to problem behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

removal of aversive stimuli for the purpose of increasing or maintaining desired behavior.

Extinction

reinforcement that has maintained a target behavior is deliberately withheld.

Positive Reinforcement Extinction

A socially mediated extinction procedure in which access to attention or tangibles is withheld following the occurrence of a target behavior.

Escape Extinction

A negative reinforcement extinction procedure in which access to escape is withheld following the occurrence of a target behavior.

Sensory Extinction

An automatic reinforcement extinction procedure in which access to automatic reinforcement is withheld or prevented following the occurrence of a target behavior.

Non-Contingent Reinforcement (NCR)

A contingency-independent antecedent intervention for behavior reduction in which reinforcement is delivered independent of behavior.

Fixed Time Schedule

A schedule of non-contingent reinforcement characterized by a fixed length of time between deliveries of reinforcement.

Variable Time Schedule

A schedule of non-contingent reinforcement characterized by an average length of time between deliveries of reinforcement.

Token Economy

An intervention based on conditioned reinforcement where students receive tokens and exchange them for backup reinforcers.

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

An effective conditioned reinforcer that functions due to its pairing with an infinite number of reinforcers, such as social praise, smiles, and money.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A neutral stimulus that has been paired with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers and begins to function as a reinforcer as a result.

Contingency Dependent Antecedent Intervention

An antecedent intervention that depends on prior learning.

Contingency Independent Antecedent Intervention

An antecedent intervention that does not depend on what the client does, relying on the manipulation of motivating operations and antecedent events.

Prompt

An additional antecedent stimulus introduced to evoke a correct response, which acts on the response rather than the SD.

Graduated Guidance

A prompt fading method that provides a prompt only if needed, responding dynamically to the learner's ability within each trial.

Time Delay Prompting

A prompting procedure where the trainer presents the natural SD and response prompt simultaneously or with a temporal delay.

Shaping

Teaching a novel behavior or changing a dimension of a behavior already in a client's repertoire.

Incidental Teaching Method

A teaching method that takes place in a free-time setting rather than during structured instruction.

Free Operant Teaching

An unstructured teaching method during which responding is not dependent on the trainer's presentation of a directive or prompt.

Pivotal Response Training

A naturalistic teaching method conducted during routine natural environments that focuses on skills that produce improvement in other skill areas.

Dependent Group Contingency (hero)

A group contingency where reinforcement depends on the behavior of one person or a few, but reinforcement is given to the whole group.

Interdependent Group Contingency ( we’re all in this together)

A group contingency where reinforcement depends on the behavior of all members, and reinforcement is given to the whole group.

Independent Group Contingency (every person for themselves)

A group contingency where reinforcement depends on each individual's behavior, and reinforcement is given on an individual basis.

Response Maintenance

Continuing to emit a newly acquired behavior after teaching has been terminated.

Schedule Thinning

Increasing schedule numbers, resulting in less frequent reinforcement.

Schedule Thickening

Decreasing schedule numbers, resulting in more frequent reinforcement.

Stimulus Equivalence

The emergence of contrast responding to untrained and non-trained stimuli following the training of some correct stimulus relations.