4.1.1|Chemicals and life

Vocabulary flashcards covering organic molecules, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and magnification formulas based on the lecture notes.

Organic molecules

Molecules that contain carbon.

Carbohydrates

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Proteins

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; some also contain sulfur or selenium.

Lipids

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Monosaccharide

A simple sugar.

Glucose

A simple sugar.

Disaccharide

A sugar formed when two glucose molecules join; e.g. maltose.

Polysaccharide

A large carbohydrate made from many glucose molecules; e.g. starch, glycogen, cellulose.

Triglyceride

A lipid made from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains.

Fats

Lipids that are solid at room temperature.

Oils

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature.

Amino acid

The building block of proteins; all share the same basic structure, but have different R groups.

Protein (structure)

A long chain of amino acids, where a small change in amino acid order can produce a different protein.

Magnification

$$\text{Magnification}=\frac{\text{Image size}}{\text{Actual size}}$$

Actual size

$$\text{Actual size}=\frac{\text{Image size}}{\text{Magnification}}$$

Image size

$$\text{Image size}=\text{Magnification}\times \text{Actual size}$$