medication administration(pharm) WEEK 5
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/62
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
63 Terms
What is the difference between a medication's generic name and trade name?
Generic = official, nonproprietary (public name, no trademark) name.
Trade = brand name (e.g., ibuprofen = Motrin).
What is the difference between pharmacologic and therapeutic medication classifications?
Pharmacologic = how a drug works.
Therapeutic = what the drug treats.
What is pharmacodynamics?
How medications act on the body to produce their effects.
What is the difference between a medication agonist and antagonist?
Agonist = activates receptors to produce an effect.
Antagonist = blocks receptor activity
What is a therapeutic effect?
The desired, beneficial response to a medication.
What is the difference between a side effect and an adverse effect?
Side effect = common, predictable unintended response. UNDERLINED= MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECTS IN DRUG BOOK
Adverse effect = unintended, harmful response that is usually more severe. HIGHLIGHTED RED IN DRUG BOOK FOR LIFE THREATENING
What is medication toxicity?
A dangerous, harmful response caused by overdose, medication accumulation, or an abnormal response.
What is an idiosyncratic medication reaction?
An unpredictable or exaggerated response that differs from the expected medication effect.
ex: drug that makes you tired makes you energetic, typically a genetic factor
What is medication tolerance?
A decreased response after repeated medication use, potentially requiring a higher dose to achieve the same effect.
What is a teratogenic medication effect?
Abnormal fetal development caused by medication exposure during pregnancy.
What is pharmacokinetics, and what does ADME stand for?
How the body processes medications:
A: Absorption: movement of medication in blood
D:Distribution: transport from site of absorption to site of action
M: Metabolism: conversion to less active form
E: Excretion: eliminates meds in body by excretion
What is medication absorption?
Movement of a medication into the bloodstream.
What factors affect medication absorption?
Route of administration
blood supply
presence or absence of food in the stomach.
What is medication distribution?
Transport of a medication from the site of absorption to its site of action.
absorption→ site of action
What is medication metabolism, and which organ is primarily responsible?
Biotransformation(converted less active form of med) of medications, primarily by the liver.
What is medication excretion, and which organ is primarily responsible?
Elimination of medications from the body, primarily through the kidneys.
Why are patients with liver disease at increased risk for medication toxicity?
Impaired liver function can slow medication metabolism, increasing drug accumulation.
Why are patients with kidney disease at increased risk for medication toxicity?
Impaired kidney function decreases medication excretion, increasing drug accumulation.
Why are older adults at increased risk for medication toxicity?
Age-related decreases in renal function can prolong medication half-life and increase drug accumulation.
How does heat affect medication absorption from transdermal patches?
Heat increases medication absorption, potentially increasing the risk of toxicity.
What is medication onset?
The time when a medication begins to take effect.
What is the difference between peak and trough medication levels?
Peak = highest blood concentration.
Trough = lowest blood concentration.
What is a medication's therapeutic range?
range that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
What is medication half-life?
The time required for a medication level to decrease by 50%.
A medication has a half-life of 1 hour. What percentage remains after 3 hours?
12.5%.
What is the difference between a loading dose and a maintenance dose?
Loading dose = higher initial dose to achieve a therapeutic level quickly.
Maintenance dose = scheduled dose to maintain therapeutic levels.
Which medications are identified in the lecture as requiring peak/trough monitoring?
Vancomycin and aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin).
How can grapefruit juice affect certain statin medications?
It can increase medication levels in the bloodstream.
How can leafy green vegetables affect warfarin?
Their vitamin K content can decrease warfarin's anticoagulant effect
What is a chemical medication incompatibility?
When combining medications or solutions causes chemical deterioration of one or both substances.
ex crushing enteric coated meds
What are the seven rights of medication administration emphasized in the lecture?
time
patient
route
drug
dose
documentation
right to refuse
What are the seven essential components of a medication order?
Patient name
date/time
medication name
dose
frequency
route
prescriber's signature.
How many times should the nurse compare the medication label with the MAR?
THREE times during medication preparation.
First: when taking med out of container
Second: while preparing medication
third: in pt bedside
What should the nurse do if a medication order appears incorrect or unreasonable?
Withhold the medication and clarify the order before administration.
What is the nurse's priority when a medication error occurs?
Ensure patient safety, assess the patient, and report the error.
What should the nurse do if a patient refuses a medication?
Respect the refusal
assess the reason
provide appropriate education
document the refusal
What does the high-alert medication mnemonic PINCH stand for?
P: Potassium (IV)
I:Insulin
N:Narcotics
C:Chemotherapeutics
H:Heparin/other anticoagulant
What is the difference between STAT, NOW, and PRN medication orders?
STAT = immediately in an emergency.
NOW = promptly, but not STAT.
PRN = as needed.
When should the nurse document medication administration?
Immediately after administering the medication.
What information should the nurse include in a medication error report?
An accurate, factual description of what occurred and the actions taken.
What is the difference between sublingual and buccal medication administration?
Sublingual = under the tongue.
Buccal = between the cheek and gum.
What position should the nurse use when administering oral medications?
Position the patient upright to facilitate swallowing.
What should the nurse do after giving a patient an oral medication?
Remain at the bedside until the patient swallows the medication.
Never leave medications unattended.
What position should the nurse use when administering a rectal suppository?
Left side-lying position.
Later/sims postion→lube→insert 1 inch→leave in for 5 min
How long should a patient remain side-lying after receiving a rectal suppository?
20 minutes, as specified in the lecture.
sims/lateral
What should the patient do after inhaling medication from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
Hold their breath for approximately 10 seconds, exhale slowly, and rinse their mouth.
What are the injection angles and maximum volume for subcutaneous injections?
45° or 90° angle; maximum volume of 1 mL
What are the maximum IM(90) injection volumes for the deltoid and ventrogluteal sites?
Deltoid = 1 mL.
Ventrogluteal = 3 mL, as specified in the lecture.
Why does the lecture recommend avoiding the dorsogluteal IM injection site?
Risk of sciatic or superior gluteal nerve injury, which can cause pain, numbness, or paralysis.
When should the nurse reassess pain after administering IV versus oral PRN pain medication?
IV = 30 minutes.
Oral = 1 hour, as specified in the lecture.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which pharmacokinetic process is most likely to be impaired?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
D. Excretion
Rationale: The kidneys are primarily responsible for eliminating medications from the body. Impaired kidney function can decrease medication excretion, causing drug accumulation and increasing the risk of toxicity.
what percentage will remain after 6 hours?
A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 12.5%
D. 6.25%
Answer: C. 12.5%
Rationale: A medication's half-life is the time required for its concentration to decrease by 50%.
After 2 hours: 50% remains.
After 4 hours: 25% remains.
After 6 hours: 12.5% remains.
Therefore, 12.5% of the medication remains after three half-lives.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed medication. The client states, "I do not want to take this medication because it makes me feel sick."
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Explain that the medication is prescribed and must be taken.
B. Document the medication as administered because it was prescribed.
C. Ask another nurse to administer the medication.
D. Assess the client's concern, provide appropriate education, and respect the refusal.
Answer: D. Assess the client's concern, provide appropriate education, and respect the refusal.
Rationale: The right to refuse is one of the medication administration rights emphasized in the lecture. The nurse should assess why the client is refusing, provide education, respect the client's decision, and document the refusal.
A nurse realizes that a client received an incorrect dose of a prescribed medication. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Complete an incident report.
B. Assess the client for adverse effects.
C. Document the medication error in the client's medical record.
D. Notify the nurse manager.
Answer: B. Assess the client for adverse effects.
Rationale: Patient safety is the priority when a medication error occurs. The nurse must first assess the client for potential harm and determine whether immediate intervention is needed. The nurse should then notify the appropriate healthcare professionals, document the event, and complete an incident report according to facility policy.
A nurse is preparing to administer several prescribed medications. Which medication requires additional safety precautions because it is classified as a high-alert medication?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Docusate sodium
C. Insulin
D. Calcium carbonate
Answer: C. Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is a high-alert medication because administration errors can cause serious patient harm, including severe hypoglycemia.
The lecture uses the mnemonic PINCH to identify high-alert medications: Potassium (IV), Insulin, Narcotics, Chemotherapeutics, and Heparin/other anticoagulants.
A nurse is reviewing a medication order that contains the medication name, dosage, route, and frequency. The nurse notices that the prescriber's signature is missing.
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Administer the medication because the dosage and route are provided.
B. Ask another nurse to sign the medication order.
C. Document the medication as administered and obtain the signature later.
D. Clarify the incomplete order before administering the medication.
Answer: D. Clarify the incomplete order before administering the medication.
Rationale: The lecture identifies the prescriber's signature as one of the seven essential components of a medication order. The nurse is responsible for identifying incomplete or questionable orders and obtaining clarification before medication administration.
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which injection site does the lecture recommend avoiding because of the risk of sciatic nerve injury?
A. Ventrogluteal
B. Vastus lateralis
C. Dorsogluteal
D. Deltoid
Answer: C. Dorsogluteal
Rationale: The lecture recommends avoiding the dorsogluteal site because of its proximity to the sciatic and superior gluteal nerves. Injury to these nerves can result in pain, numbness, or paralysis.
A nurse is providing dietary education to a client who is prescribed warfarin. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I should maintain a consistent intake of leafy green vegetables."
B. "I will tell my healthcare provider before starting herbal supplements."
C. "I should avoid making sudden changes to my vitamin K intake."
D. "I should eat large amounts of leafy green vegetables to increase the medication's effectiveness."
D. "I should eat large amounts of leafy green vegetables to increase the medication's effectiveness."
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables contain vitamin K, which can decrease warfarin's anticoagulant effect. Clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K rather than making sudden dietary changes.
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection. Which technique is appropriate according to the lecture?
A. Insert the needle at a 90° angle into the deltoid muscle.
B. Insert the needle at a 45° or 90° angle into subcutaneous tissue.
C. Insert the needle at a 15° angle into the dermis.
D. Administer 3 mL of medication into subcutaneous tissue.
Answer: B. Insert the needle at a 45° or 90° angle into subcutaneous tissue.
Rationale: Subcutaneous injections are administered into the fatty tissue beneath the skin. The lecture specifies a 45° or 90° injection angle and a maximum injection volume of 1 mL.
A nurse administers an oral PRN pain medication to a client who reports pain at a level of 8 out of 10. According to the lecture, when should the nurse reassess the client's pain?
A. 15 minutes after administration.
B. 30 minutes after administration.
C. 1 hour after administration.
D. 2 hours after administration.
Answer: C. 1 hour after administration.
Rationale: The lecture specifies reassessing pain 1 hour after administering an oral PRN pain medication and 30 minutes after administering an IV PRN pain medication.
The nurse should reassess the client's pain level, evaluate the medication's effectiveness, and document the response.
what is biotransformation?
converts a medication to a less active form in preparation for excretion.
Occurs mainly in the liver.
Hepatic dysfunction can affect metabolism.
what is the half life pattern?
1hr | 50% |
2hr | 25% |
3hr | 12.5% |
4hr | 6.25% |
5hr | 3.125% |
A patient receives 200 mg of a medication with a half-life of 2 hours. How many milligrams will remain in the body after 6 hours, assuming the medication follows simple half-life elimination?
A. 100 mg
B. 50 mg
C. 25 mg
D. 12.5 mg
C. 25 mg.
Six hours divided by a 2-hour half-life equals 3 half-lives.
200 mg → 100 mg → 50 mg → 25 mg.