Anatomy Lab: Muscles (Upper Extremity)

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (Anterior View) - 3 total + 1 rotator cuff

deltoid, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Deltoid

o: clavicle, spine of the scapula / i: deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid - Action

shoulder flexion, abduction, extension

Deltoid - Innervation

axillary nerve

Pectoralis Major (shoulder joint)

o: clavicle, sternum, ribs / i: humerus (greater tubercle)

Pectoralis Major - Action

shoulder flexion, adduction, internal rotation

Pectoralis Major - Innervation

lateral/medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis Minor (start of deep muscle)

o: ribs / i: coracoid process

Pectoralis Minor - Action

protraction of the scapula

Pectoralis Minor - Innervation

lateral/medial pectoral nerve

Serratus Anterior

o: ribs / i: scapula

Serratus Anterior - Action

protraction of the scapula

Serratus Anterior - Innervation

long thoracic nerve

Subscapularis (Rotator Cuff Muscle)

o: subscapular fossa / i: humerus

Subscapularis - Action

shoulder internal rotation

Subscapularis - Innervation

subscapular nerve

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (Posterior View) - 6 total + 3 rotator cuff

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor/major, teres major

Trapezius

o: occipital bone, cervical and thoracic vertebrae / i: spine of the scapula, acromion

Trapezius - Action

scapular elevation, retraction, depression

Trapezius - Innervation

accessory nerve

Latissimus Dorsi

o: iliac crest, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae / i: intertubercular sulcus

Latissimus Dorsi - Action

shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation

Latissimus Dorsi - Innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

Levator Scapulae (start of deep muscle)

o: transverse process on the cervical spine / i: scapula

Levator Scapulae - Action

elevation of the scapula

Levator Scapulae - Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor/Major

o: spinous process of the thoracic spine / i: scapula

Rhomboid Minor/Major - Action

retraction of the scapula

Rhomboid Minor/Major - Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Teres Major (shoulder joint)

o: scapula / i: humerus (lesser tubercle)

Teres Major - Action

shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation

Teres Major - Innervation

subscapular nerve

Supraspinatus (rotator cuff)

o: supraspinous fossa / i: humerus (greater tubercle)

Supraspinatus - Action

abduction of the shoulder

Supraspinatus - Innervation

suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)

o: infraspinous fossa / humerus (greater tubercle)

Infraspinatus - Action

shoulder external rotation

Infraspinatus - Innervation

suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor (Rotator Cuff)

o: scapula / i: humerus (greater tubercle)

Teres Minor - Action

shoulder external rotation

Teres Minor - Innervation

axillary nerve

Muscles of the Arm (Anterior View) - 3 total

biceps brachii (long head/short head), coracobrachialis, brachialis

Biceps Brachii (Long Head)

o: supraglenoid tubercle / i: radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii (Long Head) - Action

shoulder/elbow flexion

Biceps Brachii (Long Head) - Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps Brachii (Short Head)

o: coracoid process / i: radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii (Short Head) - Action

shoulder/elbow flexion

Biceps Brachii (Short Head) - Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis (start of deep muscles)

o: coracoid process / i: shaft of the humerus

Coracobrachialis - Action

shoulder flexion

Coracobrachialis - Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis

o: shaft of the humerus / i: coronoid process

Brachialis - Action

elbow flexion

Brachialis - Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Muscles of the Arm (Posterior View) - 2 total

triceps brachii (long, lateral, medial heads), anconeus

Triceps Brachii (Long Head)

o: infraglenoid tubercle / i: olecranon process

Triceps Brachii (Long Head) - Action

shoulder/elbow extension

Triceps Brachii (Long Head) - Innervation

radial nerve

Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head)

o: proximal shaft of the humerus / i: olecranon process

Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head) - Action

elbow extension

Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head) - Innervation

radial nerve

Triceps Brachii (Medial Head)

o: distal shaft of the humerus / i: olecranon process

Triceps Brachii (Medial Head) - Action

elbow extension

Triceps Brachii (Medial Head) - Innervation

radial nerve

Anconeus

o: lateral epicondyle of the humerus / i: olecranon process

Anconeus - Action

elbow extension

Anconeus - Innervation

radial nerve

Muscles of the Forerm (Anterior View) - 8 total

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

Pronator Teres

o: medial epicondyle of the humerus / i: radius

Pronator Teres - Action

pronation of forearm

Pronator Teres - Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis

o: medial epicondyle of the humerus / i: metacarpals

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Action

wrist flexion, radial deviation

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Innervation

median nerve

Palmaris Longus

o: medial epicondyle of the humerus / i: palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus - Action

no action, doesn't touch bones

Palmaris Longus - Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

o: medial epicondyle of the humerus / i: metacarpals

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action

flexion of the wrist, ulnar deviation

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation

ulnar nerve

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (median muscle)

o: medial epicondyle of the humerus / i: middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Action

finger flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Pollicis Longus (start of deep muscles)

o: radius / i: distal phalanx of the thumb

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Action

thumb flexion

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

o: ulna / i: distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Action

finger flexion

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Innervation

ulnar/median nerve

Pronator Quadratus

o: ulna / i: radius

Pronator Quadratus - Action

pronation of forearm

Pronator Quadratus - Innervation

median nerve

Muscles of the Forerm (Posterior View) - 11 total

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

Brachioradialis

o: lateral epicondyle / i: radius

Brachioradialis - Action

elbow flexion

Brachioradialis - Innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

o: lateral epicondyle / i: metacarpals

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Action

wrist flexion, radial deviation

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

o: lateral epicondyle / i: metacarpals