PSIO Lab 1.3

Fibro-

Fiber

Chondro-

Cartilage

Osteo-

Bone

Adipo-

Fat

Hemo-/Hema-

Blood

Reticulo-

Small net or web

Elastic-

Flexible, Stretchy

Collagen-

Glue

Cyte-

Cell (mature)

Blast-

Germ, Sprout (immature)

Clast-

To Break

Extra-

Outside, beyond

Three main components of Connective Tissue:

1. Specialized cells - Fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes

2. Ground Substance - a medium that varies from fluid to solid

3. Protein Fibers - Collagen fibers for strength, elastic flinders for flexibility, and reticular fibers for support

Four main classes of Connective Tissue:

1. Connective tissue proper - includes loose (loose areolar, loose adipose) and dense (regular, irregular) types.

2. Cartilage - Provides flexible support and reduces friction

3. Bone - Offers rigid support and protection

4. Blood - Facilitates transport of nutrients, gases, and waste

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Wraps and cushion - Loose packing tissue around organs, vessels, and under skin

Loose Adipose Connective Tissue

Stores fat and insulates - Energy storage, padding, warmth

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Strong in ONE direction - Parallel collagen fibers; think tendons and ligaments

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Strong in all ALL directions - Collagen fibers run randomly; think dermis of skin

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

Smooth support and cushioning - Covers joint surfaces and supports the nose/trachea

Fibrocartilage

Tough shock absorber - Handles compression; think of intervertebral discs and menisci

Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue

Flexible and springs back; think of the ears and epiglottis

Compact Bone Connective Tissue

Hard and support protection - dense bone that provides strength and stores minerals

Blood Connective Tissue

Transports everything - carries oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and immune cells

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Plasma

Liquid ground substance of blood; within it dissolved proteins

Papillary Region (Dermis)

Superficial portion of the dermis, located beneath the epidermis - composed of loose adipose areolar connective tissue

Reticular Region (Dermis)

- Forms the deeper, major portion of the dermis that extends from the papillary region to the underlying subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

- Consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue

Hypodermis

- A layer directly below the dermis that serves to connect the skin to underlying fascia of the bones and muscles

- Made up of loose areolar connective tissue and loose adipose tissue

Apocrine Sweat Glands

• Restricted to regions around: nipples, armpits and anogenital area

• Don’t become functional till puberty

• Activity increases during periods of stress, pain, or sexual arousal

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Vital components of the body’s temperature-regulating mechanism

Sebaceous Glands

• Found in all regions of the body except palms of hands and soles of feet

• Produce lipid mixture called “Sebum” that lubricates the skin and hair

Two types of Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)…

1. Eccrine (merocrine) glands

2. Apocrine glands