MAP Unit 5: Bones Part 1 - Bone Anatomy

What is a long bone?

A bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two ends. Examples include the femur and humerus.

What is the diaphysis?

The long central shaft of a long bone, primarily made of compact bone.

What are the epiphyses?

The enlarged ends of a long bone, mostly made of spongy bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone.

What is the metaphysis?

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis that contains the growth plate in growing bones.

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A layer of hyaline cartilage where lengthwise bone growth occurs in children and adolescents.

What is the epiphyseal line?

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate after bone growth has stopped.

What is the periosteum?

A tough connective tissue membrane covering the outside of a bone, except at joint surfaces.

What is the endosteum?

A thin membrane lining the internal surfaces of bone, including the medullary cavity.

What is the medullary cavity?

The hollow central space inside the diaphysis that contains bone marrow.

What is compact bone?

Dense, hard bone tissue that provides strength and support.

What is spongy bone?

Porous bone tissue made of a network of trabeculae.

What are trabeculae?

Thin, branching plates or beams of bone that form spongy bone.

What is articular cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction and absorb shock.

What is red bone marrow?

Tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

What is yellow bone marrow?

Marrow that primarily stores fat for energy.

Where is yellow bone marrow commonly found in adults?

In the medullary cavity of long bones.

What is the function of blood vessels in bones?

They supply oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products.

What is the function of osteocytes?

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

What are osteoblasts?

Cells that build new bone.

What are osteoclasts?

Cells that break down and resorb bone tissue.

Which part of a long bone is the shaft?

The diaphysis.

Which structures are located at the ends of a long bone?

The proximal and distal epiphyses.

What allows a long bone to grow in length?

The epiphyseal plate.

What lines the medullary cavity?

The endosteum.

Which type of bone tissue is dense and hard?

Compact bone.

Which type of bone tissue is porous?

Spongy bone.

Which cells break down bone?

Osteoclasts.

Which cells build bone?

Osteoblasts.

Which cells maintain bone tissue?

Osteocytes.