marine bio 2

Phylum porifera

sponges

Class Calcarea

calcareous sponges

Class Hexactinellida

glass sponges

Class Demospongiae

bath sponges

Sponge reproduction

asexual budding

internal fertilization

Family Chladorhizidae

carnivorous sponges

Phylum Cnidaria

jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Nematocysts

stinging cells

medusa

free swimming

polyp

sessile

Hydrozoa

colonial polyps

Siphonophores

hydrozoans that exist as drifting colonies

Class scyphozoa

true jellyfish

Class Cubozoa

box jellies

Class Anthozoa

corals and sea anemones

Subclass Hexacorallia

anemones, hard corals

Subclass Octocorallia

soft corals

Order Actiniaria

sea anemones

Order Scleractinia

stony corals

Phylum Annelida

segmented worms
bilateral symmetry
tissues and organs
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

errant

free living

trochophore

free-swimming larval stage

Class Polychaeta

marine worms

Mollusca

mollusks

mantle

covers the mollusc and secretes the shell

Radula

a tongue-like organ with rows of teeth

Class Polyplacophora

chitons

girdle

extension of the mantle

Class Bivalvia

clams, mussels, scallops, oysters

Class Gastropoda

snails

Class Cephalopoda

octopus, squid

Order Nautilida

Nautilus

Order Teuthida

squid

Order sepiida

cuttlefish

Order Octopoda

octopus

Arthropoda

jointed legs and appendages

subphylum chelicerata

spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs

Class Merostomata

horseshoe crab

Class Pycnogonida

sea spiders

Subphylum crustacea

crustaceans

Class Maxillopoda

copepods and barnacles

Subclass Copepoda

copepods

subclass cirripedia

barnacles

Class Malacostraca

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish

Order isopoda

isopods

Order amphipoda

amphipods

ORder Euphausiacea

Krill

Order Decapoda

crabs, lobsters, shrimp

cirri

small tentacle

Phylum Echinodermata

echinoderms

bipinnaria

the larva of starfish

ambulacral grooves

extend from starfish mouth along feet

water vascular system

A system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm's body.

Class Asteroidea

sea stars

Class Ophiuroidea

brittle stars

Class Echinoidea

sea urchins and sand dollars

Class Crinoidea

sea lilies and feather stars

Class Holothuroidea

sea cucumbers

eviscerate

to remove the inner organs of a body

Subphylum Tunicata

tunicates

Subphylum cephalochordata

lancelets

Class Myxini

hagfish

Class Hyperoartia

lampreys

Class Chondrichtyes

sharks and rays

Class Osteichthyes

bony fish

ossified

become fixed and rigid

serial tooth replacement

rowed teeth that fall out and replace

placoid scales

dermal denticle scales

nictitating membrane

third eyelid

neuromasts

specialized receptor organs in the lateral lines that detect vibration

Ampullae of Lorenzini

sensing minute electrical fields given off by prey

Oviparous

egg laying

viviparous

live birth

parthenogenetic

female asexual reproduction

fecundity

fertility

Chondricthyes reproduction

sexual or parthenogenetic
low fecundity
long gestation
slow growth
no parental care

subclass Elasmobranchii

sharks, skates, rays

superorder Squalomorphii/Galeomorphii

sharks

fusiform

tapering at both ends

spindle-shaped.

Superorder Batoidea

skates and rays

Holocephali

chimaeras

Operculum

gill cover

subclass Actinopterygii

ray-finned fishes

subclass Sarcopterygii

lobe-finned fishes

cycloid scales

round scales

ctenoid scales

rough and spiny

cosmoid scales

hard enamal oval scales

Class Reptilia

reptiles

Order testudines

turtles

Order Squamata

sea snakes and marine iguana

Order Crocodilia

marine crocodiles

lacrimal glands

tear ducts to excrete salt

Family Cheloniidae

7 other sea turtle species (green, loggerhead, hawksbill, olive ridley, kemps ridley, australian flatback)

Family Dermochelyidae

leatherback sea turtles

Family Elapidae

marine snakes

subfamily laticaudinae

sea kraits

subfamily Hydrophiinae

true sea snakes

Family Iquanidae

marine iquanas

Class Aves

sea birds