Pediatric Nursing Flashcards

80 vocabulary flashcards covering pediatric development, communicable diseases, STIs, contraception, and vaccine hesitancy.

Cephalocaudal Development

Pattern of infant growth and physical development that progresses from head to toe.

Proximodistal Development

Pattern of infant growth and development that progresses from the center of the body outward toward the extremities.

Infant Birth Weight Double Milestone

Expected developmental growth milestone where an infant's birth weight doubles by approximately $6\,\text{months}$ of age.

Infant Birth Weight Triple Milestone

Expected developmental growth milestone where an infant's birth weight triples by approximately $12\,\text{months}$ of age.

Anterior Fontanel Closure

Normal anatomical closure of the infant anterior fontanel occurring around $12\text{--}18\,\text{months}$ of age.

Posterior Fontanel Closure

Normal anatomical closure of the infant posterior fontanel occurring around $6\text{--}8\,\text{weeks}$ of age.

School-Age Stage

Developmental period defined in the course as roughly $6\text{--}12\,\text{years}$ of age.

Adolescence Stage

Developmental period defined in the course as $13\text{--}18\,\text{years}$ of age.

Introduction of Solid Foods

Nutritional transition recommended for most infants around $4\text{--}6\,\text{months}$ of age when developmentally ready.

Infant Honey Restriction

Instruction to avoid feeding honey to infants during the first year of life due to the risk of infant botulism.

Primary Infant Nutrition ($6\text{--}12\,\text{Months}$)

Breast milk or iron-fortified formula, which remains the main source of nutrition throughout the first year of life.

Whole Cow's Milk Introduction

Dietary transition to whole milk that is not recommended until after $12\,\text{months}$ of age.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's first developmental stage during infancy where security is developed through consistently responsive caregiving.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Erikson's second developmental stage seen in toddlers asserting independence with characteristic behaviors such as saying 'No! Me do it!'.

Toilet Training Readiness Signs

Developmental indicators including remaining dry for about $2\,\text{hours}$, voluntary control of elimination, ability to remove clothing, and interest in toilet habits.

Toddler Stage

Developmental age range corresponding to $12\text{--}36\,\text{months}$ of age.

Toddler Behavioral Characteristics

Behavior marked by intense environmental exploration combined with a need for clear adult limit-setting.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's developmental stage associated with the preschool-age child.

Magical Thinking

Cognitive characteristic of preschoolers where they believe their thoughts, wishes, or actions directly cause external events.

2-Year-Old Language Milestone

Expected verbal communication finding where a child uses $2\text{--}3\,\text{word}$ phrases.

5-Year-Old Time Concept

Developmental language milestone where children begin using words such as yesterday, tomorrow, morning, and night.

School-Age Physical Growth Rate

Expected annual growth pattern during middle childhood of about $2\,\text{inches}$ in height and $2\text{--}3\,\text{kg}$ in weight.

School-Age Lung Maturation

Physiological maturation process where lungs fully mature by about $8\text{--}10\,\text{years}$ of age.

Puberty Onset Gender Difference

Developmental pattern where girls generally begin puberty about $2\,\text{years}$ earlier than boys.

Pubertal Growth Spurt Linear Growth

Growth phase accounting for approximately $20\text{--}25\%$ of final linear growth.

Delayed Puberty Indicator in Females

Clinical finding of absent breast development in a $13\,\text{year-old}$ girl requiring further evaluation.

Middle Childhood Sexual Education

Appropriate teaching topic during school age focusing on formal education about sexual maturity and reproduction.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's developmental stage in school-age children centered on mastering skills, completing achievable tasks, and receiving recognition.

Concrete Operational Thinking

Piaget's cognitive stage in school-age children characterized by reason-based judgment, understanding relationships, and conservation.

Conservation (Piaget)

Cognitive ability to understand that quantity or volume remains the same despite changes in shape or container appearance.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson's primary developmental task of adolescence focused on establishing a distinct personal identity.

Imaginary Audience

Component of adolescent egocentrism where the individual believes everyone is constantly watching and observing them.

Personal Fable

Component of adolescent egocentrism involving a belief in personal invulnerability and the idea that negative outcomes will not happen to them.

Adolescent Egocentrism

Developmental cognitive state in adolescence characterized by imaginary audience, personal fable, and self-absorption.

Adolescent Cardiovascular Changes

Developmental changes where resting heart rate tends to decrease while overall cardiovascular capacity increases.

Formal Operational Stage

Piaget's cognitive stage emerging around $11\text{--}14\,\text{years}$ featuring abstract reasoning, hypothesis testing, and perspective-taking.

Adolescent Communication Priority

Nursing approach involving direct communication, private discussion, and including the adolescent in healthcare decision-making.

Varicella (Chickenpox) Rash

Diffuse rash characterized by lesions in various stages of development (papules, vesicles, and crusts) accompanied by fever.

Varicella Contagious Period

Window of communicability lasting from $1\text{--}2\,\text{days}$ before rash eruption until all final vesicles have crusted over.

Varicella Incubation Window

Incubation period for varicella lasting approximately $10\text{--}21\,\text{days}$.

Acyclovir

Antiviral medication that may be used to reduce the severity of varicella infection.

VariZIG

Varicella zoster immune globulin indicated for post-exposure management in high-risk pediatric patients exposed to varicella.

Diphtheria Hallmark Finding

Tough, grayish-white pseudomembrane coating the tonsils and pharynx.

Diphtheria Management Protocol

Intervention requiring antibiotic therapy and infection control precautions until appropriate cultures are negative.

Measles (Rubeola) Clinical Findings

Infectious presentation consisting of fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, and a maculopapular rash.

Koplik Spots

Pathognomonic tiny white lesions on the oral mucosa appearing $1\text{--}2\,\text{days}$ before the generalized measles rash.

Measles Contagiousness Timing

Communicability window where the virus is transmissible to others before the characteristic rash appears.

Roseola Infantum Clinical Pattern

Viral illness featuring several days of high fever that resolves abruptly, followed by a pink, nonpruritic rash on the trunk.

Febrile Seizures in Roseola

Significant complication associated with the rapid onset of high fever in young children with roseola.

Rubella Rash Progression

Maculopapular rash that characteristically originates on the face and progresses downward from head to feet.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Severe fetal complication resulting from maternal rubella infection during pregnancy, leading to potential birth defects or fetal death.

Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Findings

Viral illness characterized by painful oral lesions and a papulovesicular rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Rotavirus Transmission Mode

Infection transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route.

Rotavirus Complications in Infants

Severe dehydration risk stemming from profuse vomiting and watery diarrhea, particularly in young infants.

Scarlet Fever Characteristics

Bacterial infection caused by Group A streptococcus featuring a sandpaper-like rash and a strawberry tongue.

Scarlet Fever Contagious Window

Infectious period ending $24\,\text{hours}$ after starting appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Poliovirus Transmission Routes

Viral transmission occurring through contact with infected feces and oropharyngeal secretions.

Paralytic Poliomyelitis Complication

Life-threatening complication resulting from neuromuscular paralysis leading to respiratory arrest.

Gonorrhea Symptom Presentation

Infection presenting with greenish-yellow purulent cervical or urethral discharge, though frequently asymptomatic.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)

Diagnostic laboratory method commonly used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Coinfection

Frequent co-occurrence where patients are infected with both pathogens, requiring screening and simultaneous treatment for both.

Untreated Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Risks

Long-term reproductive complications including Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and increased HIV risk.

Neonatal STI Exposure Risk

Risk of developing conjunctivitis in newborns exposed to maternal gonorrhea or chlamydia during birth.

Partner Management in STIs

Critical clinical protocol requiring evaluation and treatment of all sexual partners to prevent reinfection and ongoing transmission.

Combined Hormonal Contraceptives

Contraceptive formulations containing both an estrogen and a progestin component.

Progestin Contraceptive Mechanism

Hormonal mechanism that inhibits the LH surge, prevents ovulation, and thickens cervical mucus.

Combined Oral Contraceptive Instructions

Patient instruction to take one pill daily, ideally at a consistent time every day.

Typical-Use Oral Contraceptive Effectiveness

Contraceptive effectiveness rate listed as approximately $91\%$ under typical usage conditions.

Contraceptive Patch Dosing Schedule

Transdermal patch schedule requiring application of one patch weekly for $3\,\text{weeks}$ followed by one patch-free week.

Contraceptive Patch Weight Limitation

Clinical limitation resulting in reduced patch effectiveness in patients weighing over $90\,\text{kg}$.

Contraceptive Patch Reservoir System

Design feature where the patch contains an extra hormone reservoir and is not used continuously in standard regimens.

Intrauterine Contraception Contraindication

Absolute contraindication to IUD placement consisting of an active or untreated pelvic infection.

ParaGard IUD Contraindication

Specific metabolic contraindication to copper IUD placement known as Wilson disease.

Adolescent Reproductive Confidentiality

Essential practice standard protecting privacy, which encourages adolescents to access contraception and reproductive healthcare.

California AB 2348

Legislation permitting appropriately functioning RNs to dispense self-administered hormonal contraceptives and administer injectable hormonal contraceptives.

Vaccine Hesitancy Definition

Reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccination services.

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy

Nursing approach focusing on listening, providing evidence-based information, and discussing specific parental concerns non-judgmentally.

Unnecessary Vaccine Spacing Burden

Practice that increases healthcare visits, tracking burdens, costs, and access hurdles without identified scientific benefit.

Supportive Care Diseases

Viral infections such as Measles, Rubella, Rotavirus, and Roseola managed primarily through supportive care and symptom management.

Pediatric Emergency Priority

Clinical situation requiring immediate priority nursing assessment, such as a child with high fever developing generalized tonic-clonic seizure activity.