PNB Lab Practical #1

rectus abdominus

rectus abdominus

flexes lumbar portion of vertebral column

external oblique

flexes VC, compresses abdomen wall, lateral flexion of VC, rotation to opposite side

external oblique

internal oblique

lateral flexion of VC, rotation to same side, flexes VC, compresses abdominal wall

internal oblique

transverse abdominus

lateral flexion of VC, flexes VC, compresses

transverse abdominus

gluteus maximus

adduction, extension, lateral rotation of hip

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

abducts, medially rotates of hip

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

abduction, medial rotation of hip

gluteus minimus

psoas major

flexes hip

psoas major

sartorius

flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip

flexes knee

sartorius

adductors (longus, magnus, and brevis)

adduction of the hip

adductor longus

red

adductor magnus

green

adductor brevis

gracilis

adducts hip, flexes knee

gracilis

rectus femoris

flexes hip

extends knee

vastus medialis/lateralis/intermedius

extends knee

semimembranosus

extends hip

flexes knee

semitendinosus

extends hip

flexes knee

biceps femoris (short head)

flexes knee

biceps femoris (long head)

extends, laterally rotates hip

flexes knee

rectus femoris

vastus lateralus

vastus medialus

vastus intermedius

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

biceps femoris (long head)

biceps femoris (short head)

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion, inversion of foot

tibialis anterior

gastrocnemius

plantar flexes foot

flexes knee

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantar flexes foot, stabilizes leg when standing

green

soleus

deltoid

abducts shoulder

posterior - extension

anterior - flexes

deltoid

infraspinatus

lateral rotation of shoulder, adduction of shoulder

infraspinatus

supraspinatus

abduction of shoulder, stabilizes shoulder joint

supraspinatus

subscapularis

medial rotation, stabilizes shoulder

subscapularis

teres minor

lateral rotation of humerus

teres minor

biceps brachii

flexes elbow, supination of forearm

biceps brachii

brachialis

flexes elbow

brachialis

brachioradialis

flexes elbow

brachioradialis

triceps brachii

extends elbow

extends shoulder

triceps brachii

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes wrist, adducts wrist (with extensor carpi ulnaris)

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi radialis

flexes and abducts wrist

flexor carpi radialis

extensor carpi ulnaris

extends and adducts wrist (with flexor carpi ulnaris)

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis

extends and abducts wrist

extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis

temporalis

closes jaw (elevates mandible)

masseter

closes jaw (elevates mandible), retracts mandible

digastricus

opens mouth (lowers mandible), elevates and holds hyoid during speech/swallowing

sternocleidomastoid

rotates head opposite contraction, flexion same side

medial pterygoid

closes jaw

lateral pterygoid

opens jaw

trapezius

elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

latissimus dorsi

adducts, extends, rotates, and depresses/retracts shoulder

pectoralis major

flexion, adduction, medial rotation of the shoulder

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

trapezius

lateral pterygoid

medial pterygoid

sternocleidomastoid

masseter

temporalis

condyle

rounded knob that articulates with another bone (ie. occipital condyles of skull)

facet

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface (ie. articular facets of the vertebrae)

head

the prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded (ie. head of femur)

crest

a narrow ridge (ie. iliac crest)

epicondyle

a projection superior to a condyle (ie. medial epicondyle of the femur)

line

a slightly raised, elongated ridge (ie. nuchal lines of the skull)

process

any bony prominence (ie. mastoid process of the skull)

protuberance

a bony outgrowth or protruding part (ie. mental protuberance of the chin)

spine

a sharp, slender, or narrow process (ie. spine of the scapula)

trochanter

two massive processes unique to the femur

tubercle

a small, rounded process (ie greater tubercle of the humerus)

tuberosity

a rough, elevated surface (ie. tibial tuberosity)

alveolus

a pit or socket (ie tooth socket)