Ethics Exam 2 A Simplified Account of Kant's Ethics O'Neill

State the Formula of the End in Itself

What is a maxim, for O'Neill? How do maxims relate to intentions?

Why does Kant focus on maxims rather than consequences?

What is the difference between treating someone as a means and treating them as

a mere means?

i. What role does the possibility of consent play?

ii. Give examples of each.

iii. Why is false promising a case of using someone as a mere means?

Why are coercion and deceit central? What are duties of justice?

What is required to treat someone as an end in themselves, beyond not using them

as a mere means? What is the difference between Kantian justice and Kantian

beneficence?

Scope and precision: in what ways is Kantian ethics narrower in scope than

utilitarianism? In what ways is it more precise?

What does O'Neill say about the gap between intentions and results? Why does the

formula apply to one's real intentions and not "some prettified version"?

What is the utilitarian life plan? Why does O'Neill find the utilitarian view of the value

of human life paradoxical?

Why do Kantians take human life to be valuable?