Psych:Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Behaviorism

A psychological approach that focuses on how people and animals learn behaviors through conditioning,rewards, and punishments. It emphasizes observable behavior rather than thoughts or feelings.

Associative Learning

associate one stimulus with another

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning in which a person or animal learns to associate two stimuli together, causing them to develop an automatic response to something that previously did not cause that response

Unconditioned Stimulus

Something that naturally triggers a response without learning

Unconditioned response

A natural, automatic reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a learned response

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

Acquisition

(learning)The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus until it produces a learned response

Extinction

(forgetting)When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the learned response gradually weakens and eventually disappears

Spontaneous Recovery

(remembering)The sudden return of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.

Stimuli Generalization

stimulus will generalize across multiple types of stimulus

Stimuli Discrimination

learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli

Phobia

irrational fear that interferes with normal activities

Addiction

addicts are counseled to avoid stimuli that may trigger cravings

Marketing

The use of classical conditioning principles to create positive associations between a product and something appealing, such as happiness, attractive images, or music.