END OF YEAR SCIENCE TEST

Wave

A movement of energy from one place to another.

Oscillation

A backwards and forwards (or up and down) movement from two points.

Shadow

An area of darkness made by blocking light.

Frequency

How many times a wave causes particles to oscillate every second, measured in hertz (Hz).

Amplitude

The height of a wave which influences the loudness of a sound or brightness of light.

Echo

A sound that is reflected off a hard surface and returned to the listener's ears.

Lateral Inversion

The effect where an image in a mirror appears flipped from left to right.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of light, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Neutron

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged particle found in the electron shells.

Viscosity

The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing, measured as high or low.

Conductivity

A material’s ability to let heat or energy flow.

Malleability

The ability of a solid to be hammered or shaped without shattering.

Ductility

The ability of a material to be drawn into a wire.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Density

Whether a material is heavy or light for its size.

Heat Energy - Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct contact.

Heat Energy - Convection

The transfer of heat by the movement of liquids or gases.

Heat Energy - Radiation

The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.

Insulator

A material that does not allow heat to pass through easily.

Conductor

A material that conducts heat or electricity well.

Photon

A packet of energy released when electrons jump from higher to lower energy levels.