Gram negative facultative anaerobe causing septicemia

The plague is caused by _________

yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis is a gram _______ , facultative ________ that causes ________

• negative

• anaerobe

• septicemia

What are the two forms of Yersinia pestis

• pneumonic form

• bubonic form

Someone infected with yersinia pestis mostly has clinical signs that involve the lungs this would lead you to believe it is what form of the plague?

Pneumonic form

someone infected with yersinia pesits presents with swollen lymph gland and pain this would make you believe it is what form of the plague

bubonic form

Yersinia pestis is a ______ disease

zoonotic

Yersinia pestis is transmitted via _____ and _____ are specifically susceptible to the plague

• fleas

• cats

What are the virulence factors of yersinia pestis

• rapid growth and septicemia

• antiphagocytic capsule(fraction 1)

• Type 3 secretion system

• facultative intracellular bacteria

• endotoxin

• phospholipase D

The best way to diagnose yersinia pestis is through __________ and labeling __________ with a fluorescent antibody

• bipolar staining

• the capsule

The other method for diagnosing Yersinia pestis is through _______

PCR

Upon staining yersinia pestis you will see a ___________ confirmation that is typically referred to as a _______

• coccobacilli

• safety pin

Yersinia pestis has a reservoir in __________

wild animals

Yersinia is known to be transmitted by fleas but there is a chance for ______ transmission

aerosol

What problems arisewhen it comes to plague prevention

• impossible to eliminate reservoir

• difficult to control aerosol transmission

• no effective vaccine

What are the 2 strains of pathogenic E.coli that cause diarrhea

• enterotoxigenic strain

• enterohemorrhagic strain

The enterotoxigenic strain of E.coli is not ________ and causes _______ diarrhea and dehydration

• invasive

• watery

The enterohaemorrhagic strain of e.coli is ______ and causes ________ diarrhea and inflammation

• invasive

• bloody

The enterotoxigenic strain of e.coli is not _______ while the enterohaemorrhagic strain is

zoonotic

Enterotoxigenic strains of E.coli are animal host __________

Species specific

What are the virulence factors of the enterotoxigenic strain of e.coli

• pili

• enterotoxin LT and Sta

What are the virulence factors for the enterohaemorrhagic strain of E.coli

• Shiga toxin

• type 3 secretion system

• endotoxin

The enterohaemorrhagic strains shiga toxin is a potent proteins synthesis _________

inhibitor

The most common host factors leading to infection of E.coli in animals is what?

• stress

• changes in intestinal flora

The enterotoxin LT is heat _____ and upregulates ______ while the enterotoxins ST is heat _____ and upregulates _________

• labile

• cAMP

• stable

• guanylate cyclase

The type 3 secretion system in the Enterohemorrhagic strain of E.coli directly delivers ___ to the cytoplasm of the _________

• toxins

• host cell

upon laboratory diagnosis what are you able to find out about e.coli

• gram negative rods

• facultative anaerobic

• resistant to bile salt

• oxidase negative

• lactose positive

• antigens

What antigens does the enterohemorrhagic strain of e.coli comonly have

O157H7

What opportunistic infections can e.coli cause

• urinary tract infection

• mastitis

The reservoir for e.coli exists in the ______ of carrier animals and _____ in water

• intestinal flora

• fecal contaminants

The best way to prevent e.coli is to ____ the number of cattle and pigs that carry pathogenic strains of e.coli

reduce

E.coli is spread through the __________

fecal oral route

all strains of ___ are pathogenic and cause what two types of diseases?

• salmonella

• gastroenteritis

• enteric fever

Gastroenteritis caused by salmonella requires ___ of the intestinal epithelium which infects _____ and causes fluid secretion

• invasion

• macrophages

Enteric fever caused by salmonella causes _______ and ultimately leads to __________

• septicemia

• abortion

Salmonella is mainly _______ through ____ cells

• invasive

• M

What are the virulence factors of Salmonella

• facultative intracellular bacteria

• type 3 secretion systems

• endotoxin

What host factors predispose someone to getting salmonella

• stress

• pregnancy

• administration of antibiotics

based upon laboratory diagnostics what would you find out about salmonella

• gram negative rod

• facultative anerobe

• resistant to bile salt

• oxidase negative

• lactose negative

• poor antigen analysis

There are a lot of serovars of ____ causing antigen analysis to be hard

salmonella

There are 2 general types of salmonella what are they?

• those specific to the host species

• those who can infect multiple hosts

Salmonella resides in a reservoir of what?

asymptomatic carries

Salmonella is ____ and is spread through the ______ route

• zoonotic

• fecal oral