mental wellbeing

Mental wellbeing

Involves how an individual thinks feels copes and functions in daily life measured through levels of functioning resilience and social and emotional well-being

Wellbeing

State where an individual is mentally physically and socially healthy and secure

Functioning

Ability to manage daily tasks and roles such as maintaining relationships, self care, studying and working.

High levels of functioning

Ability to carry out every day tasks, be productive, set goals, be independent and adapt to changes in the environment.

Low levels of function

Struggled to carry out basic tasks feeling lethargic, tired and unproductive, lack of direction and setting goals and inability to cope with changes in the environment

Resilience

Ability to cope with and manage uncertainty and change, through seeking support and adapting.

High Resilience

Ability to seek solutions to problems, Be flexible in changing circumstances, Be optimistic and hopeful and use Appropriate coping Strategies

Low resilience

Enduring feelings of Being overwhelmed, reliance on unhealthy coping strategies, inability to adapt to change and lack of hope and optimism

Mental well-being

Dynamic psychological state including abilities to think process information and regulate emotion.

Mental well-being continuum

Tool used to track fluctuating mental well-being

High levels of well-being

Ability to function independently cope with everyday demands And regulate And express emotions appropriately

Middle of continuum

Not functioning an optimum level, Experience amplified emotions, difficulty concentrating, and Irrational thought Patterns.

Low levels of mental well-being

High levels of distress inability to independently meet environmental demands and maybe diagnosed by health professional

Factors influencing mental well-being

Internal factors and external factors

Internal factors

Factors that arise from within individual Such as stress response thought patterns and genetic predisposition that affect mental well-being

External factors

Factors that arise from an individuals environment such as access to support, Economic status and education levels that affect mental well-being

Stress

A psychological and physiological response when demands are perceived to exceed resources available to cook

Anxiety

Worry about potential future threat, can occur without immediate known threat

Specific phobia

Persistent disproportionate fear linked to a particular object or Situation, Resulting in avoidance and interference with functioning

Social well-being

Ability to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others And adapt to different social situations

High social well-being

Able to form and maintain meaningful relationships, effectively communicate with others and have a strong support network

Low social well-being

isolation and lack of support, difficulty forming and maintaining meaningful relationships, Communicating effectively with others

Emotional well-being

Ability to Regulate and suitably express emotions and display empathy.

High emotional well-being

Awareness of own and others emotional state experiencing wide range of emotions and expression of emotions at appropriate times

Low emotional well-being

Unable to understand or name Emotions, Numbness and inability to experience certain emotions, Inappropriate expression of emotions

SEWB framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders

Holistic multidimensional framework grounded in collectivist perspective, recognising interconnected relationships as factors in Well-being

Holistic

Approach to well-being that considers a whole person including mental physical, spiritual and social needs.

Connection to Body

Physical health and well-being, Contributes to social and emotional well-being

Mind and emotions

Ability to effectively manage thoughts and feelings

Family and kinship

Connection and responsibilities to immediate and wider family group and community

Community

Connection to wider social systems, providing individuals and families the ability to connect and support one another

Culture

Cultural practices That drive behaviours and beliefs, including Tradition and shared values with connection to past present in future

Country

Spiritual, emotional and intellectual connection to the land.

Spirituality and ancestors

spirituality is a connection to all things, including ancestors, which shapes beliefs, values and behaviour and guiding Knowledge systems.

Ancestor it’s a belief that ancestors guide and orotect families in the spiritual And physical world

Cultural determinants of well-being

Integral determinants to social and emotional well-being , Including cultural continuity and self-determination.

Determinants of well-being for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

wider societal forces such as social, historical and political determinants that impact well-being of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Social determinants

Circumstances where people grow, work and live such as Socio economic status, unemployment, poverty, and racial discrimination

Historical determinants

The ongoing influence of event events, policies and trauma on groups of people such as Colonisation and its legacy and the impact of past government policies

Political determinants

Political policies that shape distribution of resources and power, creating and reinforcing social and health inequalities,

Such as rights of self determination and sovereignty control of local resources and unresolved issues of land

Biopsychosocial approach

Approach to well-being considering relative influence of biological psychological and social factors.

Phobia: Biological factors

Gabba dysfunction and long-term potentiation of fear related pathways

Phobia: psychological factors

Classical conditioning opera conditioning memory bias and catastrophic thinking

Phobia: social factors

Specific environmental triggers, stigma around seeking treatment

Cultural continuity

Determinant of well-being involving maintenance and intergenerational passing on of cultural knowledge, practices, and language. The strengthens identity sense of belonging relationships and meaning.

Self determination

Determine of well-being involving control over decisions that affect their lives and communities, Strengthening agency trust and well-being.

GABA dysfunction

Biological factor in phobia characterised by Insufficient amount of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, Leading to reduced inhibitory action and fear related neural activity becoming less regulated, Contributing to excessive anxiety.

Long Term Potentiation

Biological factor In phobia involving Long lost strengthening of Synaptic transmissions following repeated activations of fear related pathways Associated with stimulus and fear response, Leading to Fear response being activated more readily.

Classical conditioning

Psychological factor Which Precipitates specific phobias through repeated Association

Precipitating factors

Factors that increase susceptibility and contribute to development of a specific phobia

Operating conditioning

Psychological factors Contributing tophobia throughReinforcement of perpetuating factors leading avoidant behaviour to be more likely to be repeated.

Perpetuating factor

Factors that inhibit ability to recover from a specific phobia

Cognitive bias

Psychological factor contributing to phobia which is a predisposition to think in ways which may cause errors in judgement and thoughts

Memory bias

Type of cognitive bias by inaccurate memory which impacts present cognitions of stimuli and Reinforces fear response

Catastrophic thinking

Cognitive bias which stimulus is predicted to be far worse than reality reinforcing phobia

Specific environmental triggers

Social factor contributing to phobia involving stimuli environment which invoke stress response and lead to development of phobia

Stigma

social factor contributing to development and maintenance of phobia due to Shame Surround seeking treatment making getting help difficult,

Biological interventions

Evidence based interventions which address specific phobias such as breath retraining and benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines

Medicine used in biological intervention which depresses central nervous system by imitating Gabba and Inducing inhibitory responses

Breathing retraining

Biological intervention method teaching breathing control techniques to reduce physiological arousal in presence of phobia stimulus

Psychological interventions

Interventions which addressed mental processes contributing to specific phobias Via psychotherapeutic treatments

Psychotherapeutic treatments

Treatments that address, dysfunctional emotions, thoughts and behaviours phobias through therapeutic communication

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Psychotherapy, recognising into relationship between dysfunctional behaviours in cognitions, and encouraging substitution to More adaptive ones

systematic desensitisation

Therapeutic technique In psychological intervention of phobias involving incremental exposure to increasingly anxiety inducing stimuli combined with relaxation techniques

Steps of systematic desensitisation

1 - Learning relaxation techniques

2 - Development of a the hierarchy

3 - Gradual step-by-step exposure

4 - Continuation of systematic exposure

Social Interventions

Interventions which addressed social environmental causes of phobias such as psychoeducation

Psychoeducation

Teaching families to supporters of individuals with mental health disorders how to better understand deal with and treat disorder through challenging, unrealistic, anxious thoughts and not encouraging avoidant behaviours a