SS Topic 5 flashcards

Inauguration

a ceremony in which the President publicly takes the oath of office

Precedent

an act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

Cabinet

the group of officials who head government departments and advise the President

Bond

a certificate that promises to repay money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date

Tariff

 a tax on foreign goods brought into a country

Speculator

someone who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit

Neutral

not taking sides in a conflict

Faction

a party, or an opposing group within a party

Unconstitutional - not permitted by the Constitution

Democratic Republic - a member of the political party founded by Thomas Jefferson

Federalists - a supporter of a strong federal government

Tribute - a payment by a weaker party to a stronger party in return for protection

Sedition - the act of stirring up rebellion against a government

Nullify - to cancel

States rights - the rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution

Laissez faire - the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

Judicial review - the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are constitutional

Expedition - a long voyage of exploration

Continental divide - a ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent

Impressment - the practice of forcing people into military service

Embargo - a ban on trade

Smuggling - the act of importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws

Confederation - an alliance of independent states or nations, usually with a shared military command

War Hawks - the members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

Nationalism - a devotion to one's nation and its interests

Sectionalism - loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country

American System - a program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s that called for high tariffs on imports

Interstate Commerce - business that crosses state lines

Monroe Doctrine - President Monroe's foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America

Intervention - interference in the affairs of another

George Washington was at a disadvantage because the Constitution did not detail how the President should govern.

The Congress was given the authority to set up a system of federal courts.

Alexander Hamilton’s main reason for insisting that all the nation’s debts must be

paid in full so the country could borrow in the future

Farmers in the backcountry most opposed to the tax on whiskey that Congress had imposed

Washington’s Farewell Address guided American foreign policy toward neutrality for quite some time.

The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton

The first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson

A ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office is known as an inauguration.

The Judiciary Act created one Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and five associate justices for the U.S.

James Madison's view of Hamilton’s plan to reduce the federal debt was that he thought it would only benefit speculators

To protect American products, Hamilton wanted tariffs on all foreign goods

Angry farmers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania attacked tax collectors during the Whiskey Rebellion

The French Revolution forced the U.S. to create a foreign policy

Thomas Jefferson sided with the French during the 1790s

British ships attacking U.S. ships triggered Washington to send John Jay to England to negotiate terms of peace.

America remained neutral regarding the breakout of war between France and England

Jefferson responded to the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 by leaving the Presidential cabinet

In his farewell address, Washington tried to warn the citizens and future leaders of getting tangled up in the affairs of foreign nations.

President George Washington sent federal troops to put down the Whiskey Rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new federal government could enforce its laws

III A Two-Party System Develops

When Washington’s government was formed under the U.S. Constitution, there were no political parties.

The main reason why Jefferson was opposed to a manufacturing economy was that he feared that manufacturing would concentrate power.

According to the text, the main reason Jefferson decided to organize a political party was that he wanted to have his opponents voted out of office.

d. Hamilton supported government subsidies of roads and canals because the construction

would encourage commerce and growth of cities.

e. The outcome of the 1796 election increased political tensions because the President and

The Vice President belonged to different political parties.

f. John Adams won the election of 1796 to become the second President of the United States

g.To protect American cargo at sea, John Adams called for the manufacturing of frigates

h. Napoleon Bonaparte, a French Military leader, avoided war with the United States by agreeing to stop the seizure of American ships

I. The President could expel any foreigner thought to be a danger to the U. S. is allowed under the Alien Act

IV Presidents Adams and Jefferson

The meaning of the slogan “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” is

Americans would rather defend themselves than pay a foreign power for protection.

President Adams avoided declaring war on France because he disliked the idea of American involvement in Europe.

Jefferson opposed the Sedition Act because he thought it violated freedom of speech.

The precedent that was set by the election of 1800 was that political power will transfer peacefully from one party to another party..

The Marbury v. Madison decision was important because it set the precedent that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional and, thus, invalid and no longer law.

Jefferson’s goal - ensuring all people have the same rights - was a democratic belief

Jefferson’s plan to reduce the size of the government includes: repeal the whiskey tax, promote laissez-faire policies, decrease the government departments

The XYZ affair involved a disagreement between the U.S. and France

The French agents in the XYZ Affair demanded money from the American diplomats

The XYZ Affair increased tension between the U.S. and France

The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic conflict between the United States and France in late 1790’s

During the XYZ Affair, French agents demanded a bribe and a loan before negotiations could continue

The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic conflict with France involving demands for bribes

V A Changing Nation

The most significant thing about the Louisiana Purchase it greatly increased the size of the United States.

b. The reason Jefferson gave for urging passage of the Embargo Act was to avoid war

over seized ships

c. The reason Jefferson gave for the Louisiana Purchase being constitutional was that he

argued that the Constitution allowed the President to make treaties and the Louisiana

Purchase was part of a treaty.

d. The river that played an important role in the expeditions of Lewis and Clark was the

Missouri River

e. The thing that most infuriated Americans about the way that British ships interfered with

American trading ships was impressment.

f.Jefferson was President of the U.S. who approved the Louisiana Purchase

g.Napoleon Bonaparte was the French leader who sold the Louisiana Territory

h.The Louisiana Purchase was completed in 1803

i. The Louisiana Territory included important land west of the Mississippi River

j.Lewis and Clark were explorers sent to investigate western lands

k.The name of the group that Lewis and Clark led on the expedition to the Pacific Ocean was called the Corps of Discovery

L. The Native American tribe that Sacagawea was a member of was the Shoshone