Ap bio unit 1 vocab

Carrying Capacity

Number of individuals/ Population size that an environment can sustain

Ecological Niche

A organisms ecological role/ job

Operant Conditioning

A learned behavior

Trail + Error

Reward or punishment

Ecosystem

A community + Abiotic factors

-Study of how living organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings

Symbiosis

Two populations interacting with each other

Succession

change in ecosystems over time

Density Dependent Factor

Only large populations

-Food supply

-Competition

-Predators

-Disease

Critical Period

Sensitive phase for optimal imprinting

Ex) birds learning to chirp

Consumer

Competitive Exclusion

No 2 similar species can occupy the same Niche at the same time

Commensalism

One benefits, while the other is harmed nor benefits

Classical Conditioning

Associated a “Neutral” stimulus with a “Significant” stimulus

Ex) bell rings (neutral) and there’s dog food present for dog (significant)

Biomass

Organic material or recently living organisms, such as plants and animals, can be reused for Energy Source

Density - Independent Factor

Any population

-Abiotic factors, Natural disasters

-Sunglight

-Temperature

-rainfall

Biological Magnification

Heavy metal or toxins increasing as you go up in the food chain

population

a group of individuals of same species in the same area at the same time

Gross primary productivity

All the energy the producers make

Fixed-Action pattern (FAP)

sequence of behaviors essentially unchangeable + usually conducted to completion once started

Agonistic Behavoir

Threatening + Submissive rituals

Usually connected to territories

*fighting within species

Dominance Hierarchy

Social ranking within a group

Net Primary Productivity

The energy available to the herbivores

Mutalism

both organisms benefit from each other

Parasitism

one benefits, and the other dosent (-/+)

Mimicry

*Batesin mimicry= bogus mimicry a harmless species mimics a harmful model

Mullerain= 2 or more protected species look like each other

Logistic Growth

K-selection

-Have late reproduction

-Fewer offspring

-Invest a lot in raising humans

Kinesis

change in rate of movement in response to stimulus

Kin selection

Group orientation

Family related

organism that helps genetic relatives even if it means sacrificing itself to save reproductive of others

Imprinting

Learning at a specific critical time forming social attachments

*both learning and innate components

Habituation

loss response to stimulus

Ex) boy who cried wolf effect

Exponential growth

ideal conditions-No limits

*not common in populations (have limits)

Taxis

Change in direction

Automatic movement toward or away from stimulus

Primary succession

Start with no soil intact intact

-soil develops - More plants - more producers - # animals

-bare rock start up (island)

Producer

-Take i. light energy through photosynthesis and produce chemical energy (so herbivores can eat it)

productivity

R- selection

-reproduce early

-tons of offspring

-very little parental

secondary succession

Fire/Hurricane rips ecosystem down to soil -rebuilds from there

*most common

Sign Stimulus

the releaser that triggers F.A.P (Fixed Action pattern)