Solutions and Volumetric Analysis: Comprehensive Study Guide (copy)

Solution

A uniform (homogeneous) mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Solute

A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves a solute, creating a solution.

Homogeneous Solution

A solution in which solute particles are evenly dispersed throughout the solvent.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature, in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved solute.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than is possible at a given temperature; this is thermodynamically unstable.

Ion-Dipole Attraction

Attractive force between water dipoles and dissolved ions, such as Na+ and Cl-.

Grams per Litre (g/L)

A quantitative expression of concentration representing grams of solute per litre of solution.

Molarity (mol/L)

The number of moles of solute present in one litre of solution.

Percentage Weight per Volume (% w/v)

Concentration expressed as grams of solute per 100 cm³ of solution.

Dilution Factor

The ratio of the final volume of the solution to the volume of the concentrated solution used.

Primary Standard

A pure, stable chemical substance used to prepare a standard solution of known concentration.

Endpoint

The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color, signaling the completion of the reaction.

Equivalence Point

The point in a titration when the moles of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the moles of the analyte.

Concordant Titres

Titration volumes that are consistent and fall within 0.10 cm³ of each other.

Serial Dilution

A series of consecutive dilutions where each step uses the same dilution factor.

Titration

A quantitative method used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a standard solution.