place voice manger chart

Place of articulation

The anatomical location where airflow constriction occurs to produce a sound (the 'where').

Voicing

The presence or absence of vocal fold vibration during sound production.

Manner of articulation

The specific way airflow is directed and modified through the vocal tract (the 'how').

Bilabial consonant

A sound produced using both lips (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/).

Labiodental consonant

A sound produced by contacting the lower lip with the upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/).

Linguadental consonant

A sound produced with the tongue placed between or against the teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/).

Alveolar consonant

A sound produced by placing the tongue against the ridge behind the upper front teeth (e.g., /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/).

Linguapalatal consonant

A sound produced by raising the tongue body toward the hard palate (e.g., /j/).

Linguavelar consonant

A sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/, /ŋ/).

Glottal consonant

A sound produced at the vocal folds or glottis (e.g., /h/).

Voiceless sound

A speech sound produced without vocal fold vibration (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /h/).

Voiced sound

A speech sound produced with vocal fold vibration (e.g., /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/, /w/, /j/).

Stop / Plosive

A sound made by completely blocking the airflow in the vocal tract and then releasing it (e.g., /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/).

Fricative

A sound made by forcing air through a narrow opening, creating continuous friction (e.g., /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/).

Affricate

A composite sound that begins with complete airflow blockage and releases as a fricative (e.g., /tʃ/, /dʒ/).

Nasal consonant

A sound produced by lowering the velum so air escapes freely through the nasal cavity (e.g., /m/, /n/, /ŋ/).

Liquid consonant

A sound produced with minimal constriction, allowing air to flow smoothly around the sides or over the tongue (e.g., /l/, /r/).

Glide consonant

A sound produced with a smooth, rapid movement of the articulators directly into a vowel (e.g., /w/, /j/).

Voicing pairs (cognates)

Pairs of consonants that share the identical place and manner of articulation, differing only in vocal fold vibration (e.g., /p/-/b/, /t/-/d/, /k/-/g/, /f/-/v/, /θ/-/ð/, /s/-/z/, /ʃ/-/ʒ/, /tʃ/-/dʒ/).

Three questions for identifying consonant sounds

1. Where is the sound made? (Place) 2. Do the vocal folds vibrate? (Voice) 3. How does the air move? (Manner)