Cell structure and function

He coined the word cell after observing cork cells.

Robert hooke

He was the first to discover bacteria,

protozoa, nematodes, rotifers, and many

other microorganisms.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

he first observed

tiny organisms he called animalcules

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

He discovered and named the cell nucleus

while examining the layer of cells on orchid

plants under a microscope.

Robert Brown

In 1838, he proposed the idea that all plants

are made of cells, laying the foundation for

the cell theory

Matthias Schleiden

He proposed the idea that all animals are also

composed of cells

Theodore Schwann

In 1855, he concluded that cells can only arise

from preexisting cells

Rudolf Virchow

What are the 2 major parts of a cell?

Nucleus and cytoplasm (protoplasm)

provides a channel

which allows materials/molecules

to transport inside the nucleus.

Nuclear Pore

is a fluidlike substance

where nucleolus and chromatin are

suspended.

Nucleoplasm

is the site of ribosome

synthesis.

Nucleolus

The nucleus contains the DNA, arranged into a

threadlike structures called what?

Chromatin

What else does the nucleus contain?

It also contains ribonucleic acid (RNA)

and proteins

What is the nucleus’ function?

Controls all activities in a cell

It is made up of fluidlike substances

where the membrane-bound organelles

are located

Cytoplasm

It is a double-layered membrane, made up of phospholipid bilayer

Cell Membrane

Which part is hydrophobic?

Tail

Which part is hydrophilic?

Head

serves as channels in transporting materials specifically in facilitated diffusion

Proteins

stabilize the fluidity

and solidity of the membrane

Cholesterol

are

cell-surface molecules that help cells

recognize each other, communicate,

and maintain stability.

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

Cell Recognition,

Membrane Stability, Nerve Function

Glycolipids

Cell Adhesion,

Signaling and Receptors, Immune

Defense

Glycoprotein

What is the ability of regulating the

movement of materials into and out

of the cell?

semipermeable

An additional boundary outside the

cell membrane only in plants

Cell wall

• - fungi

• – plants

• - bacteria
what is the cell wall made of?

• Chitin - fungi

• Cellulose – plants

• Peptidoglycan - bacteria

this is the first

wall deposited by cells before and

during active growth.

Primary cell wall

Located inside the primary cell

wall, directly next to the cell's

plasma membrane.

Secondary Cell wall

Outermost layer of the cell wall

Middle Lamella

The mitochondria has an inner membrane that is

folded into ____

Cristae

A smooth layer containing proteins called porins,

allowing small molecules and ions to

pass freely.

Outer membrane

The fluid-filled space inside

the inner membrane that holds

enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and

ribosomes.

Matrix

The mitochondria produces _____

ATP

is a type of plastid, a

double-membraned organelles

Chloroplast

encloses/envelopes

the chloroplast.

Outer Membrane

separate the stroma

from the intermembrane space.

Inner membrane

space between

outer and inner membrane.

Intermembrane space

a colorless, alkaline, aqueous,

protein-rich fluid present within the inner

membrane of the chloroplast. Site of the CALVIN CYCLE

stroma

Site of light

dependent reaction.

Thylakoid Membrane

space inside the thylakoid.

Lumen

cytoskeleton that

keeps the distance between granum.

Stroma lamellae

Synthesize food by the process of ____

photosynthesis

produced by the

nucleolus of the nucleus.

Ribosomes

What is ribosomes composed of?

It is composed of RNA and proteins.

Ribosomes help produce _____

proteins

Bound Ribosomes are attached to where?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

This is where proteins produced are transported

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

serves as the transport

canal for large molecules inside the cell.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The SER helps make ____ and ______

Lipids (fats) and steroid

a small sac used to transfer

materials from ER to Golgi then to cell

membrane going outside the cell.

Vesicles

membrane that surrounds

the Vacuoles

Tonoplast

Lysosomes have what function?

Lysosome as digestive sac food particles,

viruses, damaged cell organelle.

Initiates cell

death or ______

apoptosis

attached to the cell membrane and

responsible for providing the cell shape

and mechanical support.

Microfilaments & Intermediate filaments

not attached to the cell

membrane and it provides anchorage of

cell organelles.

Microtubules

is in the cytoplasm and

usually close to the nucleus. It contains

centrioles, which is composed of 2

microtubules.

Centrosome

only appears during

cell division.

spindle fiber