2.5 + 2.6

Rehearsal

Repetition increases long-term storage of memory and improves memory.

Method of Loci

A mnemonic device that associates each item with a mental image of a specific location

Chunking

The process of dividing large pieces of information into pieces or “chunks.”

Hierarchies

Organizing information in categories and subcategories

Spacing Effect

Information learned in short study sessions with gaps between restudying is better remembered than mass practice.

Self Reference Effect

Information that is made personally relevant or linked to one’s own life experiences is far easier to encode and recall than abstract facts.

Massed Practice

Practice periods are close together or all at once. Not as effective as distributed practice.

Distributed Practice

Space out practice periods for a task with lengthy rest in between, resulting in better memory of the material.

Serial Positioning Effect

People remember items at the beginning and end better

Primacy Effect

People remember the first item better than the material later in the sequence.

Recency

People remember the most recently presented items better than those in the middle.