AP World 5.2

José Rizal

, a Propaganda Movement believer was arrested in 1892 and executed in 1896, starting the Philippine Revolution.

Key ideals of the American Revolution

progress, reason, and natural law

Declaration of Independence

expressed the philosophy behind the colonists fight against British rule

Unalienable rights

rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

iwi

individual tribes who sometimes engaged in warfare

New Zealand Wars

Wars between the Māori and the British (British won)

Liberté, égalité, fraternité

ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity popularized by Philosophes

Estates-General

the clergy (religious officials), the nobility, and the commoners

Bastille

a former prison that symbolized the abuses of the monarchy and the corrupt aristocracy

French Independence Day

July 14, 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Statement declaring basic human rights

The Reign of Terror

A period during which the government executed thousands of opponents of revolution, including the king and queen, started by the Jacobins

Haiti

Rich French sugar and coffee colony at the end of the 18th century

Maroons

escaped slaves

Toussaint LOverture

former slave that led a general rebellion against slavery

Creoles

people born of European ancestry in the Americas

Meztizos

people born of European and Indian parents

Peninsulares

Colonists born in Spain or Portugal

Mullatoes

people born of African and either European or indigenous ancestry

Simon Bolivar

born in Venezuela pushed for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America

Caudillos

strong, local leaders with regional power bases

Manuela Saenz

lover of Bolivar, Liberator of the Liberator, was a colonel in the army

Lola Rodriguez de Tio

critiqued Spains rule over Puerto Rico

Propaganda Movement

Movement inspired by Enlightenment, Filipino students called for the greater autonomy of the Philippines

Italian Peninsula

Count di Cavour attempted to unite it under the House of Savoy

Realpolitik

Practical politics of reality

Risorgimento

Italian resurgence

Giuseppe Mazzini

Had a romantic revolutionary philosophy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

led the Red Shirts military force that fought in the Kingdom of Naples

Otto van Bismarck

Prussian leader who made Austria participate in two wars, Prussia v. Denmark and the Seven Weeks War of 1866

Alsace-Lorraine

Long part of France on the border between France and new Germany

Immigration

movement of people into the country from other countries

Balkan regions

Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania

Cultural markers

language, folk traditions, shared history, and religion

Ottomanism

movement that aimed to create a more modern, unified state