Topic 4: Energy transfers: Role of respiration in synthesising ATP

ATP acts as a universal energy currency

Providing the energy required for various cellular processes

ADP + Pi → ATP (using energy released in respiration) this is an example of an anabolic reaction

This is a chemical reaction in which small molecules are built up into larger ones, using an input of energy

Cells must continuously regenerate ATP during respiration through

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation - direct transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule to ADP

2. Chemiosmosis - using the movement of protons across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis

Substrate level phosphorylation is an example of a substrate linked reaction

This is when ATP is made using energy provided directly by another chemical reaction

Respiration is the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds in living cells. The energy stored in ATP, which is the primary energy carrier in all living organisms, is originally derived from the sun

Through photosynthesis, plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules. These molecules are then used in respiration to generate ATP