BIOS 2600 Exam III Week 2 (Gene Mutations & Genetic Analysis)

somatic

__ mutations occur in nonreproductive cells, and are passed to new cells through mitosis, creating a clone of cells with the mutant gene.

germ-line

__ mutations occur in cells that give rise to gametes, and lead to ½ of the members of the next generation carrying the mutant cells.

base substitution

an alteration of a single nucleotide in the DNA

transition

purine replaced by purine (A and G), pyrimidine replaced by pyrimidine (C and T)

transversion

purine replaced by pyrimidine, pyrimidine replaced by purine

forward

a mutation that alters the wild-type phenotype

reverse

a mutation that changes a mutant phenotype back into the wild-type

transposable elements

DNA sequences that can move about in the genome

composite transposon

A _____ consists of two insertion sequences plus intervening DNA

noncomposite transposons

___ in bacteria lack insertion sequences but have terminal inverted repeats and carry information not related to transposition