ANS 4250 Exam 2

a successful system coordinates _______ needs, ________, and _______.

biological; resources; time

Design Brief

production goals

pig biology

facilities plan

production scheduling

4 common operations based on biological phases

farrow-wean

nursery

finishing

wean-finish

continuous flow

constant movement of diverse ages in same barns

easier transmission of disease

all in-all out

empty buildings between groups

groups matched by age, weight, production stage

minimize disease spread

4 survival essentials

feed

water

space

oxygen

allometric equation

describes animal growth functions and estimates space requirements

area = k x BW^0.66

k-factor

standing = 0.019

lying down = 0.047

critical k value

< 0.034

assume that 80% of pigs are lying down

dry feeder space requirement

2 in / pig

__________ and __________ determine ideal feeder space

body weight; shoulder width

how many pigs per feeder hole?

<12

most critical nutrient to life

water

airspeed

distance over time

airflow

volume over time

as area decreases, airspeed ___________

increases

static pressure

amount of suction between inside and outside

static pressure

pressure difference when indoor air pressure is lower than outside; primary driver of ventilation

main pollutants

ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

what controls the ventilation rate of a barn?

above/below optimal temp, ventilation for temp, gas, and moisture control

which system is not a key component of a ventilation system?

camera system

which of the following is a parasitic disease?

1. NWS

2. Greasy pig

3. parakeratosis

4. Influenza A

NWS

what is NOT a preventing disease strategy?

controlling diseases with medical treatment

ME

DE - urinary energy loss

primary objective of least cost formulation

meet nutrient requirements with least possible cost

when using the pork sustainability calculator, a greater pig mortality results in ________ carbon dioxide per barn cycle

lower

A-pig

acute, treat, and leave in pen

B-pig

subacute, treat, leave in pen

C-pig

chronic, treat and pull to fall out pen, observe

E-pig

humanely euthanize

why is lysine the limiting amino acid for pigs?

corn is naturally deficient in lysine, so it’s not supplied in sufficient amounts

bio-containment

preventing pathogens from entering

bio-exclusion

keeping pathogens out of a population

bio-management

managing pathogens already in a population to minimize consequences

digestion

breakdown of components

absorption

uptake of nutrients in GI tract

catabolism

degradation of complex compounds to simple nutrients

anabolism

synthesis of complex compounds to simple nutrients

per barn cycle, an increase in pig mortality and increased feed efficiency ___________ the amount of carbon dioxide

decreases

goal of ventilation system in cold weather

moisture control

goal of ventilation system in hot weather

temperature control

negative pressure system

exhaust fans pull air outside, forcing fresh air to come in through inlets, causing a vacuum

positive pressure system

supply fans push air inside to create higher static pressure

5 freedoms

1. hunger and thirst

2. discomfort

3. pain, injury, disease

4. express normal behavior

5. fear and distress

factors that affect nutrition domain

availability, quality, quantity

factors affecting physical environment domain

comfort, security, hygiene, expressing normal behaviors

factors affecting health

BAL, active, BCS

factors affecting behavior

control, predictability, quality interactions with humans

pigs require a minimum of ____ CFM of airflow

2

Annual cost of PRRS

$1.2 billion

NWS

affects all warm-blooded mammals; eggs laid in exposed flesh, causes rotting smell

sterile fly eradication program in-progress

anemia is highly prevalent in ________ pigs

suckling

rickets

calcium/phosphorus ratio imbalance; fractures/bending of long bones

parakeratosis

zinc deficiency; skin lesions, anorexia

nutritional cardiomyopathy

selenium deficiency; sudden death of fast-growing pigs

PSS

recessive disease from mutation on chromosome 6

5 circles evaluation

1. site level (exterior)

2. barn

3. pen

4. animal

5. record analysis

rule of thumb for animal level observations

1 pig every 3 seconds

pathogen carrying agent

anything that carries pathogen from source to host

3 failures

1. prevent viral contamination or infection

2. mitigate viral contamination or infection

3. prevent transmission of virus from agent to pigs

rendering is _____ times greater than _______ for PRRS breaks

10; composting

swiss cheese model

multiple layers of bio-exclusion measures to reduce probability of failures to introduce a pathogen

reproductive losses from PRRS

low farrowing rate, aborts, weak piglets, mummies, increased morbidity

respiratory losses from PRRS

slow growth, increased performance variability

cost of PRRS outbreak in a sow farm

$200-$250 per sow

prevention of PRRS

maintain negative herd through bio-exclusion principles

control of PRRS

live with a positive, stable breeding herd and produce PRRS negative pigs

MLV vaccine

reduces lesions/shedding

will show up positive, requires sequencing to separate wild type virus

Live-virus inoculation

higher production losses; ensures immunity to currently circulating virus

killed virus vaccine

boosts immunity following exposure to replicating virus

goal of a nutritionist is to design nutritional programs that ________ the _______ of a swine operation

maximizes; profit