3 greece

unit 3 review

Democracy

* The people themselves voted on each presented topic. People represented themselves politically

Oligarchy

A system of government in which a select group of people, sometimes very small in number, ruled over a city or a land

Minoans

* 2500 BCE in Crete
* theocracy, priest king
* Sea-faring, gold exports, trade in East mediterranean
* pottery, metal, gems, fishing, agriculture
* no walls→ no fear of attack
* knossos, minotaur legend, columns of cyprus
* olive oil + wine
* women important
* plumbing, double ax, labyrinth
* monotheistic
* fera→ santorini

King Minos + Minotaur

* King of the Minoan Greece, lived in castle in Crete that inspired minotaur myth 
* Man’s body, bull’s head living in King Minos’ labyrinth
* Killed by Theseus

Myceneaens

* took over crete after minoan decline
* warrior people
* adopted minoan art, clothes, hairstyle
* wine, perfume, metal trade
* argos→ greek/roman cult of hera
* buildings, fortified walls, bee-hive shaped tombs
* elaborate draining and irrigation systems
* damos prodomos palace (columns, throne room)
* tombs, gold funeral mask, lion gate
* cyclops tale with stone walls
* no temples
* centred around king’s palace (king agamemnon)
* women less role

Minoans and Mycenaean similarity

* frescoes artwork
* hair, clothes
* trade
* gold+jewelry

Delian League

Founded in 478 BCE following the Persian War, a military alliance against any threats, under the leadership of Athens

Athens

* democracy
* navy focus (triremes)
* council of 500, new pres. each day
* Judicial board of 9 archons had open meetings, public discussions, passed all laws
* women low role in society, only men 18+ vote
* slaves were paid, could buy freedom
* art, architecture, education, philosophy

Sparta

* oligarchy
* military focus - hoplites
* 2 kings, 5 ephors, senate elected for life
* assembly → males over 30, elected kings, ephors + senate voted on legislation but could not enact it
* women educated, more rights
* strict lifestyle, military based, laws restrict art

athens + sparta similarities

* greece peloponnese (mainland)
* slaves
* assembly
* senate v council of 500 similarities
* no women in government
* polytheistic religion

Acropolis

In Athens - city a hill

Ostracism

* people would pay to vote to exile someone

Hoplite

a greek soldier

Trireme

* boats with three layers, each layer had rowers
* Very agile and fast, had an outcropping to ram other ships with

Plato

* student of socrates, taugh aristotle
* philosopher

Pericles

* Used money from Delian League
* Started war with Sparta
* Told Athens citizens to stay behind the wall leading to a massive plague of which he died from

Aristotle

* Taught alexander the great

Themistocles

* Navy power, defeated Persians

Marathon

* 490 BCE
* Persian king Darius
* Miltiades, an Athenian general
* Persia wanted greek mainland
* Athens outnumbered by Persian army. Athens defeats Persians in one day
* 6,000 Persians killed
* Phidippides ran to ask Sparta in 2 days for help, between Marathon and Athens

Thermopylae

* 480 BCE
* Leonidas a Spartan general, Themistocles an Athenian Leader
* Xerxes son of Darius
* 7000 Spartan troops and 280 ships vs Xerxes’ 150,000 men and 500 ships
* Greeks lose to Persia
* Sparta and Athens work together

Salamis

* 480 BCE
* Themistocles gets help from oracle at delphi - wooden wall
* A battle at sea where Athens sent a false message to Persia telling Persia that the Athenians were in disorder. Persia shows up expecting chaos only for the Athenians to be in battle position
* Greeks used triremes, destroy 2000 Persian ships
* athens wins
* The Delian League was formed and Athenian economic boom

Paltea

* 479 BCE
* Spartan General Pausanias
* Xerxes the Persian king, Mardonius
* mardonius killed
* greek city-state alliance defeats persians

peloponnesian war

* athens v sparta


* athens becomes leader with delian league, navy power
* Pericles builds parthenon, encourages fighting Spartans, died from plague
* parthenon reflects athens greatness, upsets athenians
* athens expansion, block trade at ports, use money from delian league to beautify city
* sparta wants power, focus on expansion not culture, military oligarchy
* corinth turns to sparta + thebes to help stop athens dominance

alexander the great

* Son of Philip II, became King of Macedon at 20 after father’s death
* Wanted to conquer the known world (which was Asia at the time)
* Taught by Aristotle
* Named at least 50 cities after himself
* Gordian knot
* Defeated Persian empire

phillip of macedonia

* Father of Alexander the great
* May have been killed by wife Olympias and son Alexander
* Began Macedonian expansion into Greece