RX513 Bacterial Resistance & Antimicrobial Stewardship
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22 Terms
Susceptible
< 0.5
Intermediate
1
Resistant
≥ 2
Transduction
Resistance genes can be transferred from one germ to another via phages
Conjugation
Resistance genes can be transferred between germs when they connect
Transformation
Resistance genes released from nearby live or dead germs can be picked up directly by another germ
How does Staphylococcus aureus resist penicillins?
- Beta-lactamase
- Plasma-mediated
- Inducible
How does Staphylococcus aureus resist methicillin/oxacillin?
- Target site modification
- Chromosomally mediated (mecA)
- Constitutive
How does VISA resist vancomycin?
Cell wall thickening
How does VRSA resist vancomycin?
- Target site modification
- Plasmid-mediated
- Obtained from Enterococcus faecalis
How does Streptococcus pneumoniae resist tetracyclines and penicillins?
Target site modification
How does Streptococcus pneumoniae resist macrolides and fluoroquinolones?
- Target site modification
- Efflux pumps
How do Enterococcus spp. resist vancomycin?
- VanA/B gene via conjugation
- Target site modification
- Inducible
How does AmpC work?
- SPACE and Klebsiella
- Chromosomally and plasmid-mediated
- Constitutive and inducible
How does CRE work?
- Klebsiella, E. coli, and Enterobacter
- Plasmid-mediated
- Constitutive expression
How does ESBL work?
- PEK
- Plasmid-mediated
- Constitutive expression
How does CRAB work?
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Carbapenemase enzymes
- Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
- Decreased permeability
- Efflux pumps
- Target site modification
How do CRPA, DTR-P, and MDR-P work?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Carbapenemase, ESBL, or AmpC enzymes
- Decreased permeability
- Efflux pumps
- Target site modification
Which mechanism below describes the mechanism of resistance for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae?
Alteration of the PBP target site
Which of the following represents a potential outcome resulting from an infection with a resistant organism?
Increased time to effective therapy
Which mechanism below describes the mechanism of resistance for penicillin-resistant S. aureus?
Beta-lactamase enzyme
Which of the following antibiotics is considered a treatment of choice for an infection caused by an ESBL-producing bacterium?
Meropenem