microscopy questions

clinical features of glomerular disease include which of the following? (1) hypertension, (2) hematuria, (3) proteinuria, (4) oliguria, (5) azotemia

all are correct

the most common cause of glomerular damage is

antigen/antibody complexes

red urine may be due to

myoglobin

when performing a microscopic examination of urine sedument, which of the following are enumerated using low power

casts

urine osmolality is related to what

specific gravity

a urine’s specific gravity is directly proportional to its

dissolved solids

in a hypotonic urine, RBCs have what type of appearance

ghost cells

the presence of WBC casts indicates

renal infection or inflammation

centrifugation requirements for urine sediment preparation are

450 g for 5 minutes

the autoimmune disease in which patients produce anti-DNA and in which chronic renal failure is a major cause of death

systemic lupus erythematosus

urine production of less than 400 ml/day is

oliguria

a generalized loss of proximal tubular function is a characteristic of

fanconi’s syndrome

the exclusive site of plasma filtration is the

cortex

urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the kidney to

concentrate the urine

upper urinary tract includes all the following except

urethra

the daily total urine volume reflects all of the following except

patient’s surface area

healthy individuals may have which of the following in their urine as a normal finding after strenuous exercise

hyaline and finely granular casts

osmolality is the measure of

dissolved particles including ions

the function of the large intestine is primarily

absorption of water, sodium, and chloride

the primary site in which food is digested and absorbed is the

small intestine

vitality assessment of a semen specimen includes

percentage of living sperm

which of the following can give false negative urine protein reading

very dilute urine

another name for primary glomerular disease is

glomerulonephritis

a brown or black pigment in urine can be caused by

melanin

all of the following statements about urine specimen volume are true except

urine volumes less than 3 ml must be rejected as QNS (quantity not sufficient)

all of the following can result in a turbid urine except

urochrome

which of the following are NOT standardized when commerical systems are used for the

the use of kohler illumination in examining sediment

the term ‘occult blood’ describes blood that

is hidden and not visibly apparent in the stool specimen

the sugar (carbohydrate) of interest in male fertility is

fructose

all of the following are considered non pathologic in a urine sediment under the microscope except

pus cells

a urine sediment could have which of the following formed elements and still be considered ‘normal’

two or fewer hyaline casts

neutral fats can be viewed microscopically for qualitative analysis with the following except

methylene blue

which of the following tests is least affected by standing or improperly stored urine

glucose

a urine that produces a large amount of white foam when mixed should be suspected to contained increased amounts of

protein

what is the most significant sperm analysis result that may indicate an infection in the male genital tract

leukocytes in sperm

the clarity of freshly voided urine specimen from healthy individual is

clear

the consistency of a fecal specimen can be graded as all the following except

solid

the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults is

membranous glomerulonephritis

which of the following statements is false about yeast infection in the urinary tract

occurs in only females

when using a refractometer to measure urine concentration, the scientist must correct for which of the following in their calculations

glucose

oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin in urine results in which of the following urine colors

green

a deficiency in arginine vasopressin (ADH) is associated with a

low urine SG

during urine microscopy, the crystal that take the shape of a coffin lid is called

triple phosphate crystal

calibration of refractometers is performed by measuring the specific gravity of distilled water and

sodium chloride

the renal disease that follows a mucosal infection is

IgA nephropathy

milky urine from a 24 year old woman would most likely contain

many WBCs

foul smelling odor from stool can be as a result of

fecal fat

which of the following urine results is most likely to be affected by prolonged exposure to light

bilirubin

approximately 70% of ejaculate fluid comes from the

seminal vesicles

all the following can lead to chronic glomerulonephritis except

fanconi syndrome

which urine specimen should be rejected

12 ml specimen with a small amount of fecal matter

the most common source of large numbers of squamous epithelial cells is the

vagina

the ova of which parasite is likely to be found in urine sediments

schistosoma hematobium

the following urine crystals are considered clinically significant except

uric acid

which substance found in urine is considered pathologic

yeast

approximately 75% of the renal calculi that form in patients contain

calcium

a sperm motility graded as “3” indicates

motile, with moderate linear progression

which of the following positive chemical reactions is most closely associated with the presence of yeast in the urine sediments

glucose

all the following may contribute to the color of urine except

gender

an increased number of meat fibers (creatorrhea) in feces correlates with

impaired digestion

the sediment of a urine specimen with a reagent strip glucose of 250 mg/dl and pH of 5.5 is ideal for the presence of

candida albicans

the first sign of renal disease in diabetes mellitus

microalbuminuria

quantitative testing for any fecal substances requires which fecal specimen

multiple day collection

all of the following require confirmatory tests following positive urinalysis result except

urobilinogen

the inability to convert dietary foodstuffs into readily absorbable substances is called

maldigestions

urine normal color is derived from one of the following except

bilirubin

urine reagent strips should be stored in

a cool dry area

the creatinine clearance is reported in

mL/min

which of the following statements about chronic renal failure is true

it eventually progresses to end stage renal disease

the reason for performing a clinitest on a newborn’s urine is to check for

lactose

secretory diarrhea can result from all of the following conditions except

maldigestion

a potential complication caused by early delivery of a premature newborn is