Advanced Blood Collection Procedures Ch. 12

_ _ _ (ABG) refers to the _, _ _, and _ levels in blood drawn from an _

arterial blood gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, artery

Arterial blood more _ reflects the body’s _ _ _. The patient’s _ status must be _ before collection.

accurately, gas exchange efficiency, respiratory, stable

The ABG test measures (5)

pH, paO2 (partial pressure of oxygen), PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), HCO2 (bicarbonate), SaO2 (oxygen saturation)

What phlebotomist can perform a ABG collection?

level 2 phlebotomists

A common site for ABG collection is the _ _, a major _ in the _ that is a continuation of the _ _ and is located on the _ _ of the wrist. The site must be free of _, _, _. _. or _ _ devices. The other arteries that may be used are _ or _

radial artery, artery, forearm, brachial artery, thumb side, bruising, inflammation, swelling, infection, vascular access, brachial, femoral

An ABG test is considered _, meaning the sample must not be exposed to _. If it is, it can alter _ _, especially _ and _ _, leading to _ _. To keep the sample _, a _ (anticoagulant) _ with a _-_ _ cap is used to prevent _ from entering after collection.

anaerobic, air, gas concentrations, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inaccurate results, anaerobix, heparinized, syringe, self-sealing filter, air

Before using the radial artery, a _ _ _ must be performed to confirm adequate _ _ through the _ _, a major _ located on the pinky side of the wrist.

Modified Allen Test, collateral circulation, ulnar artery, artery

Collateral Circulation refers to an _ _ of blood flow supplied by _ _, ensuring continued _, or blood flow, such as in the hand if the _ _ is compromised

alternate route, nearby vessels, perfusion, radial artery

List the process of the Modified Allen Test, (5)

1. patient makes tight fist

2. use thumbs to compress both radial and ulnar artery for 10 seconds

3. patient slowly opens hand which should be blanched (pale)

4. release pressure on ulnar artery only

5. observe whether normal color returns within 5-15 seconds

ABG tests are considered _, require immediate placement on _, and must be tested within _ _ of collection

STAT, ice, 15 minutes

An ABG differs from a regular draw in the ways that it may include _ medication, a _-_ angle, or if for femoral, _-_, and to apply _ for _-_ _.

numbing, 45-degree, 90-degree, pressure, 3-5 minutes

The risk of an ABG includes complications such as persistent _, _, _, _, _ (spasm of the artery), _ formation, and possible _ or _ damage.

bleeding, hematoma, infection, pain, arteriospasm, clot, nerve, vessel

If the arterial wall was injured during an ABG, a _, which is a _ _ that forms within the _, may develop. This can _ blood flow and if _, may lead to an _, which is a _ in a blood vessel caused by a _ or _ _ that has traveled through the bloodstream

thrombus, blood vlot, vessel, obstruct, dislodged, embolism, clot, other material

Contraindications for ABG tests include (3)

poor collateral circulation, bleeding disorders, localized infections

Common ABG sample rejection causes (4)

clotting within the syringe, exposure to air, insufficient sample volume, improper labeling

An _ _ _ _ (OGTT) evaluates how efficiently the body _ _ after a measured amount of _ is _. This test is used to diagnose primarily _ _ _ _ and _ _, which is a _ form of _ that occurs in some _ _.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, processes glucose, sugar, ingested, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, temporary, pregnant woman

An OGTT involves a _ _ _ _, having the patient drink a _ solution as in _, and then performing one or more _ _ _ to monitor the body’s _ response

baseline blood glucose measurement, glucose, glucola, timed blood draws, metabolic

What is the OGTT patient preparation? What should the phlebotomist review?

fast for 8-10 hours, and ingest 50 gram glucose solution within 5 min; review the glucose dosage and timing

In an OGTT, the _ of the test affects the amount of _ administered. List the amount of glucose administered for each 1-3 and 5 hr OGTT test, Each hour adds _ _. You typically draw the patient _ _ after the drink is _ consumed

length, glucose, 1 hr 50 gm, 2 hr 75 gm, 3 hr 100 gm, and 5 hr 150 gm; 25 gm, every hour, completely

An alcohol (ETOH) test is used to determine the level, or _ of _ in a person’s _. _ is often abbreviated as ETOH

concentration, alcohol, system, ethanol

In an alcohol (ETOH) test, the standard _ _ _ used for skin _ (cleansing) in venipuncture cannot be used as it may introduce _ into the sample. A glass _-_ tube containing _ _ and _ _ is typically used for ETOH because _ _ helps preserve _ and _ levels by inhibiting _, (a metabolic conversion)

70% isopropyl alcohol, antisepsis, alcohol, grey-top, sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate, sodium fluoride, glucose, alcohol, glycolysis

Therapeutic phlebotomy is a specialized procedure used to treat _ _, it involves _ removing a _ _ of _ from the patient. Commonly used for conditions such as _ and _ _

blood disorders, intentionally, large volume, blood, hemachromatosis, polycythemia vera

The amount removed in therapeutic phlebotomy is typically about

500 mL

In the process of therapeutic phlebotomy, it’s important to observe the patient’s _ _ throughout the procedure. And afterward, _ of the _ properly as _ waste. It is unsuitable for blood _ due to the underlying _

vital signs, dispose, blood, biohazard, transfusion, condition