Block 4 A225 IU

blood

liquid connective tissue

erythrocytes

red blood cells, no nucleus

neutrophils

60% of leukocytes, multiple nuclear lobes

Eosionphils

less than 4% of leukocytes, bilobed nucleus

Lymphocytes

30 % of leukocytes, cytoplasm stains blue, nucleus round

monocytes

6% of leukocytes, largest wbc, c shaped nucleus that takes up most of the cell

platelets

aka thrombocytes, clotting

heart

pumps blood

cardiac muscle

nuclei (of cardiac muscle)

Intercalacted discs

tunica externa (tunic adventitia)

1, outermost layer, CT for arteries, collagenous/elastic fibers for veins

tunic media

green arrow, smooth muscle cells for arteries and veins, veins=collagenous fibers and elastic fibers

tunica intima (tunic interna)

B, CT and simple squamous epithelium, lines the vessel, in veins of limbs and folds to form valves to prevent backflow

smooth muscle (visceral muscle)

elongated, spindle shaped cells, one centrally located nucleus

nucleus (of smooth muscle)

Muscular artery

smaller lumen than vein, smooth muscle layers are plentiful in tunica media

arteriole

on the left, has a few (6) layers of smooth muscle cells in tunica media, thicker than venule

vein

more flattened

venule

on the right, blood flowing towards heart

lymph nodes

cortex (of lymph node)

contains lymphatic nodules, densley packed lymphocytes

lymphatic nodules

medulla (of lymph node)

lacy part, many sinuses/spaces

spleen

has red and white pulp

red pulp

removes old blood cells, the pink part

white pulp (the purple part)

carries out immune response

apex

tip

pericardium

connective tissue that surrounds heart

right atrium

recieves oxygenated blood from the venae cavae and the coronary sinus, pumpls blood to the right ventricle

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary trunk and to the lungs

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs from pulmonary veins, pumps to left ventricle

left ventricle

pumps oxygetanted blood through the aorta to the rest of the body

coronary sulcus (avioventricular sulcus)

groove separating artria from ventricles

anterior interventricular sulcus

groove between anterior portions of the left and right ventricles

posterior interventricular sulcus

between the posterior parts of the left and right ventricles

fossa ovalis

thin round membrane

right avioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

papillary muscles

conical, muscular projections within the ventricle

chordae tendineae

stringlike bands of CT that attach to the papillary muscles and prevent the valve from everting into atrium when the ventricle contracts

trabeculae carneae

muscular ridges on the internal surface of the ventricles

pulmonary semilunar valve

interventricular septum

left avioventricular valve (mitral/bicuspid valve)

aortic semilunar valve

superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

running next to the right side of the descending aorta, receives the venous drainage from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary arteries

pulmonary veins

ascending aorta

right coronary artery

in the coronary sulcus

left coronary artery

in the coronary sulcus

coronary sinus

enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium

axillary artery

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk

branching into right common carotid and subclavian arteries

common carotid artery (D) (head and neck)

right is division of brachiocephalic trunk, left is a branch off aortic arch

subclavian artery

Both a left and right, blood vessels that supply blood to the shoulders and upper limbs.

internal carotid artery (A) (head and neck and brain)

carry blood to internal skull

external carotid artery (C) (head and neck)

supplies neck and external skull

superficial temporal artery (head and neck)

10,

vertebral artery (head and neck)

basilar artery (brain)

where vertebral arteries join in cranial cavity

circle of willis (brain)

connect basilar and internal carotid artries beneath the brain

brachial artery

continuation of that sides axillary artery after it passed the teres major muscle

radial artery

branch of each brachial artery on thumb side

ulnar artery

branch of each brachial artery on pinky side

superficial palmar arch

joining of radial and ulnar arteries in the palm

internal thoracic artery

passes down anterior thorax lateral to sternum

anterior intercostal arteries

from each interal thoracic artery, one beneath each rib on that side

thoracic aorta

part of the aorta the descends from the aortic arch through the thorax to the diaphragm

posterior intercostal arteries

branching off descending thoracic aorta, beneath each rib, seen on left thoraic cavity model

abdominal aorta

ends at common iliac arteries

celiac trunk

large, short artery directly inferior to diaphragm, 3 branches

superior mesenteric artery

large artery arising just inferior to celiac trunk

inferior mesenteric artery

smaller artery arising in lower abdomen

common iliac artery

beginning where abdominal aorta splits

internal iliac artery

branching posteriorly into the pelvis

external iliac artery

femoral artery

continuation of external iliac artery along anterior side of the thigh

popliteal artery

continuation of each femoral artery along posterior side of the lower thigh and the knee

anterior tibial artery

branch of popliteal artery that passes laterally to supply the anterior leg

posterior tibial artery

branch of popliteal artery that supplies the posterior leg and most of the foot

fibular artery

branch of posterior tibial artery supplying the lateral leg and ankle

internal jugular vein

deep, drain into subclavian vein, close to internal and common carotid arteries, dural venous sinuses drain into here

external jugular vein (B)

superficial, from the lateral neck and inferior to the face, over the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the subclavian vein

dural venous sinuses

between dura mater layers

axillary vein

subclavian vein

cephalic vein

basilic vein

median cubital vein

cephalic and basilic veins connect

anterior intercostal veins

internal thoracic vein

on each side of sternum, draining blood from that side's anterior intercostal veins and into its brachiocephalic vein.

hemiazygos vein

draining the left lower thoracic cavity, skinnier on bobbitt model

posterior intercostal veins

one or more is seen draining into the hemiazygos vein

azygos vein

draining the right thoracic cavity as well as the hemiazygous and emptying into the superior vena cava, thicker on bobbitt model

brachiocephalic vein

each formed by the joining of the subclavian and jugular vein, left and right form the superior vena cava

internal iliac vein

close to internal iliac artery