Biology Exam II - Plants Growth and Regulation Chapter 30

Totipotent

Total potential, single cells ability to grow into an entire organism

Totipotent Cells Found in Meristems

Apical Meristem and Lateral Meristem

Meristem

a type of plant tissue made up of undifferentiated, actively diving stem cells that allow plants to grow continuously throughout their lives

Apical Meristem

cells near shoot tips - main ability is to divide

cells farthe from shoot tip - cease ro divide because form at tip

Node

part of the stem where the leaves, branches or flowers attach

Internode

space between the nodes

Axillary Bud

small, undeveloped shoot located at the axil

Axil

angle between the leaf and the stem

Plant Hormones

influence growth and differentiation, maintain basic patterns of plant body, coordinate growth with internal and external factors

Auxin

plant hormone - leaf and vascular development and shoot elongation. It moves away from the shoot tip and moves away from the sunlight so it can signal phototropism - plant moves towards light

Apical Dominance

prevents branches from forming too close to the shoot tips

Apical Dominance Hormone Interaction Network

Auxin is produced → stimulates strigoractone (suppresses axillary bud growth and decreases branching) → Cytokinins (produced in roots, promotes axillary bud growth) → strigoractone suppresses Cytokinins (no branching)

Floral Meristems

specialized group of meristematic (actively dividing) cells in plants that give rise to flowers instead of stems or leaves

Root Growth

growth from the root apical meristem, covered by a root cap that helps prevent damage

Lateral Meristem

lets plants grow laterally, surrounds the stem after elongation is complete

Vascular Cambium

Generates new xylem and phloem

Cork Cambium

Generates bark and protective layer