Path: Exam 4: Musculoskeletal disorders

bone healing steps

1. hematoma

2. granulation

3 procallus

4. bony callus

5. remodeling

why is immobilization required for healing

prevents further injury and promotes rest

complication of fractures

compartment syndrome (causes decreased blood flow to area)

impacted fracture

broken bone ends are forced into each other

communited fracture

bone is splintered or crushed

displaced spiral fracture

bone is twisted apart

displaced transverse fracture

A fracture in which the break is at right angles to the axis of the bone

open fracture

bone fracture that breaks through the skin

closed fracture

broken bone that does not break through skin

dislocations

separations of two bones at the joint

strain

tear in a tendon

sprain

tear in a ligament

RICE (inflammation treatment)

R - rest (prevent further injury)

I - ice (reduce swelling and pain)

C - compression (reduce swelling)

E - elevation (above the heart)

osteoporosis

loss of bone density

osteoporosis risk factors

females > 50 (decreased estrogen production)

osteoporosis symptoms

spontaneous fractures

osteoporosis patient teaching

-maintain strong bones while young

-prevent injuries and falls

Rickets/Osteomalacia cause

Vitamin D and phosphate deficiency

rickets

bowlegs in children

osteomalacia

abnormal softening of bones in adults causing spontaneous fractures

Osteomyelitis

infection of the bone

Osteomyelitis treatment

surgery and IV antibiotics

Osteomyelitis presentation

inflammation

bone pain

fever, chills, malaise

lordosis

curvature inward at lower back, common in pregnancy

kyphosis

abnormally rounded upper back, common in older adults

scoliosis

c or s shaped curvature of the spine, caused by genetics

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle

muscular dystrophy cause

defect of dystrophin

muscular dystrophy presentation

hypertrophic muscle appearance (large muscles)

decreased muscle function

fibromyalgia

Group of disorders characterized by pain and stiffness affecting muscles

fibromyalgia diagnostic

have pain in at least 11/18 sites

osteoarthritis

degenerative joint disease

osteoarthritis risk factors

men >50 - weight baring joints

osteoarthritis cause

articular cartilage is damaged causing bone on bone

osteoarthritis treatment

joint replacement

osteoarthritis presentation

joint pain where overwork has occurred

Rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune disorder causing inflammatory joints

Rheumatoid arthritis risk factors

women 30-50

rheumatoid arthritis treatment

immunosuprecents

rheumatoid arthritis presentation

bilateral joint fixation and stiffness

ulnar deviation

rheumatoid arthritis complications

permanent joint fixation

gout

Excess uric acid/crystals accumulate in the joint

gout presentation

hard nodule common on great toe

signs of inflammation

gout treatment

reduce foods high in urine (alcohol, red meat, sea food)