Legislation

What is IRR?

Ionising radiation regulations

What is the legislation on the international stance on radiation?

ICRP

Justification, optimisations and limitation

What is the legislation on the general national legislation?

Health and safety act work act (1974)

Duties of employers to provide a safe workplace and training

Duties of employees to take care of themselves, report hazards and inform employers of any issues affecting their work

What is national radiation legislation?

Ionising radiation regulations (2017)

What is the grading system used for radiation sources with increasing risk?

Notification

Registration

Or consent

When are radiation risk assessments performed?

Performed before new oak or changes to work

What are the five steps in radiation risk assessments?

Identify the hazard

Identify possible harm and how

Decide precautions

Record findings and implement them

Review and update

What is the hierarchy of control of risk assessments?

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering controls (warning lights, lead walls, lead shield)

Administrative control

PPE

What are the two designated areas?

Controlled are

Supervised area

What is a controlled area?

Areas where special procedures occur and dose can exceed 6mSv

What is a supervised area?

Areas where dose can exceed 1mSv e.g. corridor outside x-ray room

What are local rules of radiation protection?

Work instructions on how to work safely

Summary of risk assessment

Must be read and signed by staff

What are outside workers?

Individual entering a controlled area to work ith radiation on behalf of another employer

Must be made aware of risks and regulations

What are contingency plans?

Plan for radiation accidents with high risk

Standard x-ray room has a plan of cutting off the electrical supply

If enacted, an investigation is done to prevent recurrence

What are employee duties?

Not overexpose themselves or others

Report incidents

Use, care and return ppe

Report broken ppe

Wear and return dosimeters

Report pregnancies

What are employers duties?

Adequate resources for compliance

Cooperate with employers of outside workers

Area handover e.g to engineers

What are the duties of the radiation protection adviser?

Advice on legislation compliance

Check engineering controls

Equipment calibration

What are the duties of a radiation protection supervisor?

Make sure local rules are being followed

What is IRMER?

Ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulations

Protection of the patient

What are the types of medical exposures?

Diagnosis/treatment

Health screening

Medical research

What are the types of non-medical imaging?

Immigration

Employment checks

Insurance

What are the roles identified under IRMER?

Refferrer

Practitioner

Operator

Employer

Medical physics expert

What is a referrer?

Registered health professional entitled by employers to refer individuals for medical exposure

What is an operator?

Any person entitled to carry out practical aspects of medical exposures to ionising radiation

What is the practitioner?

Registered health professional entitled to players procedures and taking responsibilities for exposures

Provide justification

What is justification?

Carried out by practitioner

Weigh benefits and risks

Uses protocol an judgement

What is authorisation?

Carried out by operator

Patient must meet criteria set by practitioner

What are the limitations of justification and authorisation?

Unconscious patient

Pregnant patient

High dose exams

Unclear management

What are the roles of the medical physics expert?

Advise on legislation

Dosimetry

Quality assurance

Optimisation

Equipment checks

What are the sixteen employer procedures?

Patient identification

IRMER duty holder identification

Pregnancy

Quality assurance

Assessment of patient dose

Diagnostic reference levels

Research

Instructions for radioactive substances

Patient risk

Clinical evaluations

Minimise incidents

Report incidents

Non-medical exposure

Dose constraints for staff

Clinical audits

Managing referrals

What are the aspects of th patient ID procedure?

Three points of ID

Check clinical history

Pregnancy check

What are diagnostic reference levels?

Normal radiation doses for normal patients

What are the three type of exposure incidents?

Accidental exposure

Unintended exposure

Near miss

What is an accidental exposure?

Patient shouldn’t have been exposed

What is an unintended exposure?

Patient not correctly exposed (not technical?imaging mistakes)

What are the three types of code incidents?

Non-reportable incidents

Significant accidental unintended exposure

Clinically significant accidental unintended exposure