patient care chapter 7&8 quiz

the most likely cause of a fire in an imaging department is?

an electrical problem

the federal agency governing workplace safety in the United States is?

OSHA

which of the following is not a typical component of a spill kit?

-nitrile gloves

-mop

-kitty litter

-plastic bags

mop

what is not a responsibility of the radiographer in case of fire?

assess the situation and direct the activites of others

The most common types of workplace disabilities reported by health care workers are:

musculoskeletal disorders

MSDS documents are likely to be needed in the event of:

a chemical spill

The study of workplace injury prevention is called:

ergonomics

Fires start when three elements occur in the same place at the same time. These three elements are oxygen, excessive heat, and:

fuel

Eighty percent of imaging technologists experience some form of work-related injury, usually in the form of RMIs and RSIs affecting the shoulder, arm, or wrist, if their area of specialization is:

sonography

Stress due to repetitive motion, overreaching, or maintaining the same positions for long periods causes:

microtrauma to muscle tissue

a sliding board or sliding mat can be used to?

facilitate a stretcher transfer

When a patient arrives by wheelchair and cannot stand to get onto the x-ray table, which of the following methods is most appropriate?

hydraulic lift

Patients who have not stood or walked since an accident, surgery, stroke, or heart attack should be transported by:

stretcher

When assisting a patient to sit from a supine position, or to lie down from a sitting position, you should place your arms under the shoulders and:

knees

infants and toddlers are usually transported in?

cribs

A feeling of faintness or light-headedness that occurs with changes in body position after long periods of rest is termed:

orthostatic hypotension

When an ambulatory patient has a weak leg as a result of a stroke or other condition, it is helpful to:

position yourself on the patient's weak side

Patients who have undergone which of the following procedures must not flex at the hips more than 90 degrees?

hip replacement via the posterior approach

Which of the following items is NOT useful for facilitating a stretcher transfer?

-slider board

-transfer belt

-sliding mat

-draw sheet

transfer belt

When transferring a patient who is unable to assist with transfer to or from a stretcher, you should position the patient's arms:

cross the chest

what is the institute for healthcare improvement (IHI)?

-non profit organization

national initiative to protect patients from medical harm

-created the new interventions for preventing harm

what does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

what is OSHA?

a federal agency that governs safety in the workplace

-created the guidelines for workplace safety

what does thr joint commission do?

sets standards to accredit healthcare institutions

-50% of standards now relate to patient safety

What is a sentinel event?

unanticipated event in a healthcare setting resulting in death or serious physical or psychological injury to a patient, not related to the natural course of the patient's illness

what is sentinel event alert #47?

radiation risks of diagnostic imaging and fluoroscopy

what is the root cause analysis process?

-intensely analyze the error

-redesign system

-test new design

-educate staff on changes

-follow- up on the new design

what are the joint commisson requirements?

culture of patient safety

-dual identifiers

-time out

-improve communication

-forbidden abbreviations

-critical findings

-reduce medication errors

-infection control

what is the goal and requirement of patient identification?

improve the accuracy of patient identification

-use at least 2 patient identifiers

what is the requirement for "time out"?

prior to the start of any invasive procedure, conduct a final verification process to confirm correct patient, procedure, and site

what is the goal and requirement to improve communication?

goal: improve effectiveness of communication among caregivers

requirement: have person receiving the information record and read back the complete order

what is the goal and requirement for reducing medication errors?

goal: improve the safety of using medications

requirement: standardize and limit the number of drug concentrations used by the organization

what is the requirement of medication safety?

identify and review a list of look alike/sound alike drugs used by the organization

what is the goal and requirement of infection control?

goal: reduce risk of health care associated infections

requirement: comply with WHO or CDC guidelines for hand hygiene

what are the guidelines for hand hygiene?

-wash hands before and after patient care

-clean/disinfect x-ray rooms and equipment

-use standard precautions for all patients

-remove gloves before you exit room

what are most hospital fires caused by?

Spontaneous combustion

Open flames

Cigarette smokers

Electricity

what is the importance of oxygen as a fire hazard?

-oxygen itself does not burn but it supports combustion

-use extreme care when in use

-know location of shut off valve

how can you be prepared for a fire?

-know the fire plan of your facility

-know evacuation routes

-locate fire alarms, extinguishers, and fire doors

-locate the main electrical power shut off

-participate in drills

what should you do in case of a fire?

R- rescue: remove anyone in nearby area

A- alarm: activate the alarm system and alert other personnel

C- contain: close any open doors

E- extinguish/evacuate:for small fires: use available extinguisher

for large: evacuate as quickly as possible

how to use a fire extinguisher?

P- pull the pin

A- aim at the base

S- squeeze handle

S- sweep at base of fire

what are the different fire extinguishers?

class A- paper+ wood

class B- liquids and gasses

class C- electrical+ wiring

class D- metal alloys

class K- cooking media

what are some common hazards?

Electric Shock- avoid wet areas

Falls and Collisions

Chemicals and Spills

Eye Splashes

what is a musculoskeletal disorder?

repetitive motion, cumulative trauma, back strain

-pain, swelling, numbness

what are body mechanics?

the principles of proper body alignment, movement, and balance

what are the applied principles of our body mechanics?

base of support: portion of body in contact with floor

center of gravity: the point around which body weight is balanced

line of gravity: vertical line passing through center of gravity

what are the rules of body mechanics?

1. Provide a broad base of support

2. Work at a comfortable height

3. When lifting, bend your knees and keep your back straight

4. Keep your load well balanced and close to your body

5. Roll or push a heavy object. Avoid pulling or lifting

what is an MRI?

medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer generated radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues

what are examples of contradicitons for MRI?

non-MR compatible implanted devices, metallic objects, ferrous surgical clips, pacemakers

what are the 4 MR safety zones?

Zone 1: outside building

Zone 2: waiting and dressing room, meant to control access to Zone 3/4 via locked door.

Zone 3: control room.

Zone 4: magnet room.

what type of transport is required for all inpatients?

wheeled

if a patient has back pain, they may find it easier to sit up how?

sit up from a lateral recumbent position

what do you use to assist an unsteady or weak patient?

gait belt or transfer belt

when do falls most occur during a bed to wheelchair transfer?

when the patient sits in the wheelchair

what is a special consideration to have with a stroke victim when transferring them?

position self on side that is weaker and instruct patient to lead with strong side

-may be smart to use stretcher for transport

what are special considerations to have with a patient with fractures to the lower extremity?

limit patient's ability to bear weight; have patient lead with strong leg

what are special considerations to have with a patient with joint replacements?

movement must be restricted to avoid any stress on muscles that have been surgically disrupted

what are special considerations to have with a patient with spinal trauma or surgery?

initially use stretcher

what are the precautions for patients with hip replacements via the anterior approach?

-may sit upright

-weight bearing is usually tolerated

-avoid abduction and adduction

-avoid internal or external rotation

-avoid hyperextension

what are the precautions for patients with hip replacements via the posterior approach (more common)?

-must not flex hip beyond 90 degrees

-weight bearing tolerated

-abduction is permitted

-avoid adduction

-avoid internal rotation

what is the hydraulic lift?

used for patients who cannot stand safely

what methods are useful when the patient is unable to assist the transfer?

draw sheet

slider board

sliding mat

what is the most useful transferring technique to use when moving a patient from soft mattresses, waterbeds, or other speciality beds?

sliding mat

when are safety side rails required to be up and locked in?

-for patients who are impaired or unconscious

-during transport without exception

-when patients are left unattended on stretcher