ethnicity

venkatesh

young black men felt forced into gang life because they felt they had few other options, no opportunities for employment in an area of 80% unemployment

‘outlaw capitalism’ - saw similarities such as getting a regular wage, working up the hierarchy, job and colleagues.

scranton

neo marxist

agrees that policing, media coverage and political debates all centre round the issue of ‘race’ being a problem.

if young members of an ethnic minority commit a crime, it’s a political act rather than a criminal act.

hutnyk

hybrid cultures are becoming the norm.

use of a symbol which belongs to another culture ‘cultural appropriation’

white people can’t wear dreadlocks

nayak

white wannabes

young white working class males try and adopt the style and language of ‘black culture’

vale and juno

hybrid cultures

‘modern primitives’

conducted a series of interviews with young people who felt drawn towards tattoos