cell transport & tissue - **from review sheet

passive transport

• no energy required

• high to low concentration

active transport

• energy required

• low to high concentration

simple diffusion

particles distribute evenly within solution

facilitated diffusion

substances require a protein carrier for passive

osmosis

• simple diffusion of water

• water easily crosses plasma membrane

hypertonic solution

• water moves out of the cell

• cell shrinks or shrivels

hypotonic solution

• water moves into the cell

• cell swells or bursts

isotonic solution

• water is at equilibrium

• cell will stay the same

epithelial tissue functions

• forms boundaries

• covers internal/external body surfaces

• lines body cavities

• makes up glands

epithelial tissue classifications

shape and number of layers

basement membrane

attached to underlying connective tissue

apical surface

NOT attached to underlying tissue

simple squamous

• 1 layer

• flat

• thin to allow for diffusion

simple squamous function

thin to allow for diffusion

simple cuboidal

• 1 layer

• box shaped

• secretion and absorption

simple cuboidal function

secretion and absorption

simple columnar

• 1 layer

• tall

• absorption and secretion of mucus

simple columnar function

absorption and secretion of mucus

stratified squamous

• 2+ layers

• flat

• protection from abrasion

stratified squamous function

protection from abrasion

transitional

• stretches/shrinks easily

• found in bladder

connective tissue functions

• binding

• supporting

• cushioning

• protecting

extracellular matrix

a non-living substance filling the spaces between cells

nervous tissue locations

brain, spinal cord, nerves

nervous tissue functional characteristics

• irritability

• conductivity

skeletal muscle

• voluntary

• movement

• posture

• production of heat

• striations

smooth muscle

• found inside many organs

• involuntary

• push and digest food

• contracts to prepare for childbirth

• no striations

cardiac muscle

• involuntary

• heart

• pump blood through arteries and veins

• striations

bone

• support

• protection

• stores calcium

• produces blood cells

cartilage

• no blood vessels or nerves

• reduces friction between bones

• stands up against compression and tension very well

• firm ground substance causes a rigid rubber-like matrix

blood

• within blood vessels

• only liquid body tissue

• atypical ct - does not connect things

areolar loose ct

• most common ct in body

• serves as packing material that wraps and cushions organs

• under epithelial tissues around organs

• gel-like ground substance; has all 3 fiber types

reticular loose ct

• forms soft skeleton that supports other cells

• lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

• gel-like ground substance; no collagen or elastin

adipose loose ct

• energy reserves

• insulates body heat

• cushions organs

• under skin & around kidneys and heart

• little matrix; made mostly of tightly packed fat cells

regular dense ct

• strong when pulled in one direction

• tendons and ligaments

• closely packed parallel collagen fibers

irregular dense ct

• randomly arranged collagen fibers

• strong when pulled in many directions

• dermis, fibrous coverings that surround organs and joints

elastic dense ct

• allows tissue to bounce back after stretching

• walls of arteries, ligaments connecting vertebrae, lungs

• high number of elastic fibers