anatomy lab

respiratory and digestive

what 2 bones form the nasal septum

vomer and ethmoid bone

what happens when you squirt milk out of your nose

your uvula doesnt close

what is the function of the nasal concha

filter, humidify and warm the air

what keeps you from inhaling food and water into your lungs

epiglottis

why do your ears get plugged when you have a respiratory infection

your auditory tube gets plugged with mucus

what cells line the trachea

pseudostratified ciliated columnar and goblet/mucous cells

what are the functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar and goblet/mucous cells

used to trap debris from getting to alveoli and to lubricate

why does the left lung not have as many lobes

the heart takes space

why is the right lung more susceptible to aspiration of foreign material than the left

larger in diameter

what cells make surfactant and what does it do

type 2 alveolar cells, it makes it so the walls dont cave in, easier to breathe

what is inspiration and expiration

inspiration is where breathing needs muscle breathe in heavy and expiration may not need the muscles to relax

what is quiet breathing

when you are using the diaphragm (inspiration)

what breathers do we call ourselves

negative pressure breathers

what are the functions of the respiratory system

gas exchange, vocalization and ph homeostasis

what is mastication

mixing/ chewing food with saliva

how do the teeth and tongue work together

chewing and repositioning of food

what enzyme is present in salvia

amylase

whats the difference between mechanical and chemical chewing

mechanical is the actual chewing and chemical is the breakdown of enzymes

what muscle contraction occurs in the esophagus

peristalsis

what is the function of the mucosal layer of the esophagus

propel food down, lubricant

what enzyme is released in the stomach? whats its activated form and what does it digest

pepsin, pepsinogen, digests proteins

what prevents the digestive juices from damaging the stomach

the folds on the stomach, surface area and mucus

what are the 3 changes in epithelia in the small intestine for

the 3 different functions

what is the principal function of the small intestine

its different jobs

circular folds and villi are structures found in the small intestine, whats their function

increase surface area for absorption

what is the role of the large intestine

to form stool

what cells are present in the large intestine

mucous cells

what is the function of the gallbladder

to store bile

whats a cell composed in the liver

hepatocyte

what are the functions of the liver

its a metbolic organ so it increase/decrease blood sugar, makes bile, plasma proteins that makes blood, glycogen synthesis

how is the pancreas an exocrine and endocrine gland

secreates enzymes through the duodenum and makes insulin and glycogen

how do pancreatic juices and bile flow throuhg duodenum

pancreatic duct to common bile duct to duodenum

whats the role of the pancreas in the digestive process

realses digestive enzymes to duodenum

what are pancreatic exocrine cells

acinus

why does deoxygenated blood travel to the liver before being added into the main blood flow

the liver needs to process nutrients, remove toxins, and regulate substances

what muscles move during insiration

sternocleido, scalenes, external intercostals, diaphragm, pectorialis minor

what muscles are being used in expiration

internal intercostals, transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis, externa, abdominal oblique

from internal to external describe the muscles of the stomach

oblique, circular, longitudinal