AP Gov Unit 2 VOCAB: Federalism

federalism

a system that divides power between national and state governments

unitary system

the central government exercises authority over the subnational governments (such as states)

confederal systems

decentralized government where the subnational governments (such as states) hold authority over the national government

due process clause

14th amendment clause that restricts the state governments from denying people’s rights, liberty, or property without legal safeguards

equal protection clause

14th amendment clause that requires states to treat all people equally when applying the laws

commerce clause

grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity

necessary and proper clause

grants the federal govt. the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers, elastic clause

supremacy clause

establishes the constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land

10th amendment

clause that reserved powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people (basis of federalism)

reserved powers

powers not given to the national government which are retained by the states and the people

concurrent powers

powers granted to both states and the federal government in the constitution

full faith and credit clause

constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings of another state

extradition

requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where the defendant allegedly has committed a crime

privileges and immunities clause

constitutional clause that prevents states from discriminating against people form out of state

13th amendment

outlaws slavery

14th amendment

people born in the US are citizens and prohibits states from denying people due process or equal protection

15th amendment

prohibits denial of voting rights on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, all black males can vote

selective incorporation

process that SCOTUS applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis

grants-in-aid

federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives

categorical grants

national funding to. the states where spending is specifically restricted to certain categories

mandate

federal requirements the states must follow

block grant

type of grant preferred by the states that gives state officials more authority over how federal funds are spent

revenue sharing

federal govt. apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached

implied powers

not specifically granted to the federal government

enumerated, expressed powers

powers specifically granted to the national government through the constitution (especially thought Congress)

exclusive powers

powers that only the national government may exercise (coin money, declare money, treaties, naturalize)