hines final study guide 2023

ethics

set of principles that determine what is morally right or wrong

caduceus

symbol of physician, may have evolved from the symbol for asclepius, the greek god of healing

hippocrates

code of ethics developed by hippocrates around 400 B.C.

hospice

services provided to the terminally ill

pathogens

microorganisms that cause disease

CDC

center of disease control and prevention

established a system that monitors and prevents outbreak of disease

FDA

food and drug administration

ensure safety of food and cosmetics

safety and usefulness of medications and medical devices

WHO

world health organization

international agency sponsored by united nations

primary goal is to help all people attain the highest level of health

medicare

largest health insurance program in nation

must be at least 65 years old or disabled or have permanent kidney failure to qualify

medicaid

government insurance for certain low income people

workers compensation

insurance that covers accidents, injures, or diseases that occur in the workplace

OSHA

occupational safety and health administration

required to oversee safety in workplace

MSDS

material safety data sheet

OSHA requires MSDS to be kept on all chemicals at a facility

antiseptics

solutions applied directly to the skin that prevent the growth of pathogens

disinfection

strong chemicals used to kill many pathogens

sterilization

most effective way to destroy microorganisms

airborne precautions

steps followed when going in or out of a patients room

droplet precautions

to prevent spread of pathogens passed respiratory secretions

contact precautions

patients who have skin or wound infections that could be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

direct - skin to skin

indirect - clothing, surfaces, linens

proper body mechanics and lifting technique

position and movements used to maintain proper posture and avoid muscle and bone injures

behind at hips and knees, lift with legs not back

PPE’s

gloves, gowns, masks, and face shields

bacteria and common diseases it causes

one celled organism that are classified according to their shape and arrangement

(strep, pneumonia, tuberculosis)

virus and common diseases it causes

smallest microorganism spread by blood and body fluids

(common cold, hepatitis B, chicken pox, AIDS, herpes)

fungi and common diseases it causes

a plantlike organism that lives on dead matter

(ringworm, athletes foot, yeast infection, thrush)

medical asepsis

clean technique

surgical asepsis

sterile technique

fire safety

RACE - Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Evacuate/extinguish

PASS - Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

ABC’s

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

primary assessment (initial)

first aid

secondary assessment (focused)

CPR

face shield (barrier devices)

goes over mouth for when your doing 2 breaths during CPR

carotid pulse

pulse in neck

radial pulse

pulse in wrist

adult CPR

30/2

infant and child CPR

30/2 or 15/2

abdominal thrusts

helps clears someones airway when chocking

open wound care

stop bleedings

clean wound

internal bleeding (signs and symptoms)

difficult to recognize

painful, tender, rigid, or bruised abdomen,

vomiting, coughing, spitting blood, stools

1, 2, 3 degree burns

1 - superficial (outer layer of skin) red, mildly swollen, tender, painful

2- partial thickness, red, blisters, swell, weep fluid, very painful

3- full thickness, waxy, leathery, charred, need prompt attention

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

signs and symptoms - thirst, dry skin, urination, Hunger, vomiting

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

signs and symptoms - anxiety, confusion, shaking, dizziness, sweating

anaphylaxis

life threting - allergen

allergen you come into contact with

( peanuts, bee stings, penicillin,)

splint

orthopedic devices used to protect and support fractured/injured bones or joints

word root

indicates a body part

ex: neur

combining form

used between word roots in a compound word or when a suffix starts with a consent

ex: neur/o

suffix

word ending

ex: -ectomy

prefix

describes, modifies, or limits the term

ex: trans

CVA

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

DNR

do not resistate

Rx

prescription

Dx

diagnosis

TB

tuberculosis

VS, T, P, R

VS - vital signs

T - temperature

P- pulse

R - respiration

BP

blood pressure

transverse plane

divides body horizontally into

sagittal plane

divides body into 2 parts (left and right)

midsagittal plane

equal right and left body parts

frontal plane

divides body into anterior and posterior

anterior

front side of body

postier

back side of body

inferior

below another structure

superior

above

lateral

to the side

medial

middle or near medial plane of body

proximal

near point of attachment to the trunk

distal

away from point of attachment to the trunk

supine

lying on somones’s spine facing forward

prone

laying downward on ones stomach

trachea

windpipe, tube that connects the larynx to the left and right bronchi

pharynx

a passage way for both air and food

divides into 3 sections

larynx

voice box, place where air passes to the trachea

epiglottis

moveable flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx

lungs

main organ of respiratory system and provide body with oxygen and eliminates CO2 from blood

epistaxis

nose bleed, results from a trauma or rupture of a blood vessel in nose

pneumonia

inflammation and infection of the lungs

bradypnea

slow breathing

tachypnea

rapid breathing

four common blood types

O, A, B, AB

number of liters of blood average adult heart has circulating within the body

5 liters

size of human heart

size of your fist

atria

receives blood into the heart and divides into a ventricle/chamber, pumping blood away from heart

ventricles

lower chambers of the heart

arteries

carry blood away from heart

veins

carry blood toward heart

erythrocytes

red blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells

sprain

tears ligaments

strain

overuse of muscle or tendon

arthritis

inflammation of the joints

fracture

breaks or crack in bone

scoliosis

side to side curvature of the spine

kyphosis

humpback

lordosis

sway back

bursa

spaces between tendons and joints

abduction

moving something away from the body

adduction

moving toward body or adding something to the body

extension

straightening

flexion

bending

number of bones in adult Skelton

206 bones

humerus

upper arm bone