Chapter 5- The Age of Islamic Expression: The Middle East and South/Southeast Asia

The spread of Islam to regions outside of the Muslim world was accomplished _____

through a combination of violent and nonviolent methods

Which of the following advancements was erroneously credited to Arab thinkers although it was initially developed by Hindus in India?

the numbering system

Cultural exchanges between Christian Europeans and Muslims in the Abbassid Empire tended to benefit _____

Christians more than they did Muslims

Which of the following best describes the state of economic affairs during the Abbasid period?

despite the caliphate's loss of revenue, the professional and merchant classes prospered

Scientific breakthroughs and discovered by Muslim inventors and scholars _____

had practical real-world application

Foreigners who entered India in the centuries before the arrival of Muslims in the late seventh century C.E. tended to _____

assimilate into existing civilizations on the Indian subcontinent

After the Buyids, a splinter dynasty from Persia, captured Baghdad in 945 CE, the Abbasid caliphs _____

became ceremonial figureheads

After its capture by the Mongols in 1258 the Abbasid capital of Baghdad _____

became a relatively unimportant city

By the eleventh century Muslim scientific techniques could be described as ____

sophisticated

Which of the following religious traditions was associated with Islam?

monotheistic worship of a transcendent god

Hinduism's acceptance of inborn differences between individuals validated their belief in _____

the caste system

The Abbasid paradox developed as _____

Islamic cultural breakthroughs in science and the arts flourished while the Abbasid dynasty declined

What was one irony about the Abbasid dynasty during most of its existence as an empire?

mercenary slaves controlled the government

How did the caliphs who ruled the Abbasid Empire contribute directly to the decline and collapse of their own dynasty?

as they moved away from the instability in Baghdad they established new capitals that drained their treasury

Conflicts between the Shi'a and Sunnis in the Abbasid Empire reveal that _____

different Islamic sects often battled each other

One conclusion that Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun made in The Muqaddimah is that as an empire gets further away from its nomadic beginnings its inhabitants _____

lose group cohesiveness and become more dependent on protection by others and a luxurious lifestyle

What is one generalization that can be made about the role of women during the Abbasid era?

poorer women often had greater opportunities outside of the home to earn a living

The epic poem Shah-Nama dramatically recounts the story of _____

Persian history

How were science and religion entwined in the Islamic world during the late Abbasid era?

orthodox Islamic scholars such as the ulama, grew suspicious of non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking, fearing they would undermine the Qur'an's absolute authority

On the Indian subcontinent most converts to Islam were _____

indigenous people from low-caste groups or Buddhists

Muslim rulers appointed _____ to govern the largely non-Muslim population they conquered in India.

Hindu officials

Southeast Asia was relatively unaffected by Islam because _____remained the dominant religion among its people.

Buddhism

The Islamic faith initially was brought to the Southeast Asian islands by _____

Muslim traders coming from various ports in India

Muslim rules in India who proclaimed themselves to be of divine origin and minted coins with images related to Shiva and other gods demonstrated their _____

adoption of regal styles and practices adopted by Hindus

How did the trading empires pf Shrivijaya contribute to the spread of Islam throughout the islands of Southeast Asia?

Shrivijaya's collapse promoted greater incentives to establish Muslim trading centers and to preach this religion to the coastal peoples living there

From a world history perspective, why were the islands in Southeast Asia referred to as a middle ground?

goods from China were shipped to the West from these island ports which also shipped Western goods east to China

Recasting Islamic doctrines with a heavily magical mode in India ad Southeast Asia and retaining ancestral spiritis as emissaries to Allah in Africa and Western China demonstrated that converts new to Islam _____

determined which traditional aspects of their own culture were retained after conversion

Beginning in the eleventh century a larger influx of Muslim migration, settlement, and poltical domination began with the arrival of _____

Turkic invaders from Afghanistan

As the Muslim presence in India grew initial interaction with indigenous civilizations was _____

composed of nonviolent exchanges of religion and trade

Which of the following best summarizes the contrasting beliefs that Muslims and Hindus had about religion and society?

Islam was a more rigid faith than Hinduism but proclaimed all believers to be equal

The small number of converts to Islam found in the Indo-Gangetic centers of Muslim political power implies that _____

the government played little to no role in forced conversions

How did the Muslim influx into India affect women living there?

Muslim adoption of Hindu practices toward women negatively impacted the female population on the subcontinent

The bhakti movement helped prevent greater numbers of Hindus from converting to Islam by _____

increasing popular involvement in Hindu worship that emphasized strong emotional bonds between devotees and a specific god or goddess

Most who converted to Islam did so peacefully because they believed that adopting this new faith would _____

enrich their lives in multiple waysThis answer is correct.

How did the ulama and Sufi saints respond to the increasing threat that Hinduism posed to Islam in India?

they began to stress Islamic teachings that separated Islam from Hinduism

Most of the products shipped from the islands in Southeast Asia in China, India, and the Mediterranean region were

luxury items

Islamic conversions in the islands of Southeast Asia demonstrated that conversion was most successful when _______ became the first areas to accept Islam.

port cities in coastal cities

Which of the following exemplifies how pre-Muslim traditions and rituals were incorporated into Muslim cultural practices in the Southeast Asian islands?

Javanese puppet shadow plays