History 3: Unit 2 The United States and Cold War

Pusan Perimiter

small area in south korea where the USA and south korea got time to build up and stand agaisnt north korea. was a turning point intb he war becasue it let genral mcaurther find time to plan the inchon landing.

Iran in the cold war

mohammed mosendegh had oli, usa and great britian didnt want to lose oil, cia britan organized operation ajax, they paid political figures to organize a coup to overthrown mosendegh

guetamala and the cold war

What happened?

• Guatemala's President Jacobo Árbenz introduced land reforms that took unused land from large landowners and redistributed it to peasants.

• These reforms affected the American-owned United Fruit Company. The U.S. government also feared that communism was gaining influence in Guatemala.

How did the CIA intervene?

• In 1954, the CIA launched Operation PBSUCCESS.

• The CIA used propaganda, misinformation, sabotage, and trained and supported a rebel force to overthrow Árbenz.

• —Árbenz resigned in June 1954.

• Carlos Castillo Armas, a military leader supported by the CIA, took power.

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eisenhower doctraine

It stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to Middle Eastern countries threatened by communism. upgrade to truman doctraine

kennedys flexible repsonse

• President John F. Kennedy introduced the Flexible Response strategy in 1961.

• It gave the United States different military options to fight the spread of communism instead of relying mostly on the threat of nuclear weapons.

alliance for progress

A program that gave Latin American countries money and aid to improve their economies and living conditions. goal was to keep out communism

peace corps

• A program that sent American volunteers to other countries to help people and communities.

• Help developing countries through education, health care, and farming.

• Improve America's image around the world.

• Stop the spread of communism by building positive relationships with other countries.

Cuban revolution 1959

• Cuba was ruled by dictator Fulgencio Batista, whose government was corrupt and unequal.

• Many Cubans were unhappy with poverty and the lack of political freedom.

• Fidel Castro led a revolution to overthrow Batista.

• Fidel Castro and his revolutionaries fought against Batista's government.

• Batista fled Cuba in January 1959.

• Castro took control of Cuba.

• Castro established a new government.

• Cuba moved closer to the Soviet Union and eventually became a communist country.

• Relations between Cuba and the United States worsened.

2nd red scare

• A period when Americans feared that communists and Soviet spies were secretly working inside the United States.

• Fear increased after the Soviet Union developed an atomic bomb and communist governments gained power in other countries.

• Many people were investigated, accused of being communists, or lost their jobs.

hollywood ten and blacklisting

• In 1947, ten Hollywood writers and directors refused to cooperate with HUAC's investigation into communist influence.

• They were convicted of contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison.

• Hollywood studios blacklisted them, meaning they were prevented from getting work in the film industry.

• Other people suspected of communist connections were also blacklisted, even without proof of wrongdoing

julius and ethel rosenberg

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

• An American married couple accused of passing information about atomic weapons to the Soviet Union.

• They were convicted of espionage in 1951.

• Both were executed in 1953.

• Their case increased American fears that Soviet spies were stealing U.S. secrets. Later evidence strongly supported Julius's involvement but raised serious questions about how much Ethel knew.

mccarron act

• Also called the Internal Security Act.

• Required communist organizations to register with the federal government.

• Increased government power to investigate suspected communist activity.

• President Truman vetoed it because he believed it threatened American freedoms, but Congress overrode his veto.

american fears after ww1

• Americans worried about another economic depression after World War II.

• People feared the spread of communism and the possibility of nuclear war with the Soviet Union.

• Many Americans worried about adjusting to civilian life after soldiers returned home.

• At the same time, the economy grew, and many families experienced greater prosperity.

2. Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill)

- A law that helped returning World War II veterans adjust to civilian life.

fedreal aid highway act

• Eisenhower signed a law creating the Interstate Highway System.

• It funded the construction of highways across the United States.

• Highways made travel and transportation easier and helped people move to suburbs.

• The highway system also supported national defense by making it easier to move military supplies and personnel.