BIOLEC PRELIMS CARBS SUMM EXAM

Fischer's projection

Common projection to represent carbohydrate

Fischer's projection, aldehyde

places the - group (most oxidized) at the top.

Fischer's projection

shows the - H and -OH groups on the horizontal intersecting line.

Achiral, Fischer's projection

places the - -CH2OH group at the bottom

Isomer

Compounds that are composed of the same atoms but still differ from each other.

Structural or stereo

2 kinds of isomer

Geometric and optical isomer

In stereoisomer we bave

Structural isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity

Stereoisomer

Molecules with the same formula and same connectivity but only differ on their spatial arrangement

Geometric, optical

Could either be - isomer or - isomer.

Geometric isomers

Molecules that differ in spatial arrangement around a rigid bond (usually a double bond) or a ring

Z = zuzamen = same side

E = magkalayo = snake = opposite

E/Z

Platin, cisplatin (same side cl)

One is used to treat cancer, one isn't

Optical isomer

Non-superimposable mirror images due to presence of chiral center

Rotate plane-polarized light in (+) or (-) direction

Dextrorotatory

If a chiral compound rotates the plane-polarized light clockwise (+), it is -

Levorotatory

If a chiral compound rotates the plane-polarized light counterclockwise (-), it is -

R, s

This is in no way connected to the - and - configuration. It may only be determined using experiment.

Dextrorotatory

Levorotatory

D IS FOR

L IS FOR

D config L config

Second to the last

OH nasa right =

OH nasa left =