Essential Pharmacology and Drug Information

Flashcards covering generic drug names, brand names, indications, drug classes, and boxed warnings from the course drug lists.

acetaminophen

Brand: Tylenol | Class: Analgesic, nonopioid | Primary Indications: Pain management, Fever | Boxed Warnings: Risk of medication errors (injection) and hepatotoxicity

loperamide

Brand: Imodium | Class: Antidiarrheal | Primary Indications: Diarrhea | Boxed Warnings: Torsades de Pointes and sudden death reported with use of higher than recommended dose

dextromethorphan

Brand: Delsym, Delsym ER | Class: Antitussive, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist | Primary Indications: Cough | Boxed Warnings: None

fluticasone propionate (nasal)

Brand: Flonase | Class: Corticosteroid | Primary Indications: Allergic rhinitis | Boxed Warnings: None

pseudoephedrine

Brand: Sudafed | Class: Decongestant | Primary Indications: Nasal congestion | Boxed Warnings: None

guaifenesin

Brand: Mucinex | Class: Expectorant | Primary Indications: Cough | Boxed Warnings: None

diphenhydramine

Brand: Benadryl | Class: H1 Antagonist, first generation | Primary Indications: Allergic rhinitis | Boxed Warnings: None

loratadine

Brand: Claritin | Class: H1 Antagonist, second generation | Primary Indications: Allergic rhinitis | Boxed Warnings: None

famotidine

Brand: Pepcid | Class: H2 Antagonist | Primary Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Boxed Warnings: None

ibuprofen

Brand: Advil, Motrin | Class: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) | Primary Indications: Pain management, Fever | Boxed Warnings: Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events; serious GI bleeding, ulceration, and perforation

losartan

Brand: Cozaar | Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) | Primary Indications: Hypertension | Boxed Warnings: Fetal toxicity

lisinopril

Brand: Zestril | Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | Primary Indications: Hypertension | Boxed Warnings: Fetal toxicity

apixaban

Brand: Eliquis | Class: Anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor | Primary Indications: Atrial fibrillation (stroke prevention), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and treatment | Boxed Warnings: Spinal/Epidural hematomas; Premature discontinuation increases the risk of thrombotic events

warfarin

Brand: Coumadin | Class: Anticoagulant, Vitamin K Antagonist | Primary Indications: Atrial fibrillation (stroke prevention), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) treatment | Boxed Warnings: Bleeding Risk

ezetimibe

Brand: Zetia | Class: Antilipemic agent, Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor | Primary Indications: Hypercholesterolemia | Boxed Warnings: None

atorvastatin

Brand: Lipitor | Class: Antilipemic agent, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Primary Indications: Hypercholesterolemia | Boxed Warnings: None

albuterol (inhalation)

Brand: Proventil, Ventolin, Proair | Class: Beta 2 agonist, short-acting (SABA) | Primary Indications: Asthma, COPD | Boxed Warnings: None

carvedilol

Brand: Coreg, Coreg CR | Class: Beta-blocker with alpha blocking activity | Primary Indications: Hypertension, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction | Boxed Warnings: None

metoprolol succinate

Brand: Toprol-XL | Class: Beta-blocker, Beta-1 Selective | Primary Indications: Hypertension, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction | Boxed Warnings: None

metoprolol tartrate

Brand: Lopressor | Class: Beta-blocker, Beta-1 Selective | Primary Indications: Hypertension | Boxed Warnings: None

amlodipine

Brand: Norvasc | Class: Calcium Channel Blocker, Dihydropyridine | Primary Indications: Hypertension | Boxed Warnings: None

montelukast

Brand: Singulair | Class: Leukotriene receptor antagonist | Primary Indications: Asthma, Allergic rhinitis | Boxed Warnings: Serious neuropsychiatric events

furosemide

Brand: Lasix | Class: Loop diuretic | Primary Indications: Edema or volume overload | Boxed Warnings: Fluid/electrolyte loss

hydrochlorothiazide

Brand: Microzide | Class: Thiazide diuretic | Primary Indications: Hypertension | Boxed Warnings: None

hydrocodone and acetaminophen

Brand: Lortab, Norco | Class: Analgesic combination, opioid | Primary Indications: Pain management | Boxed Warnings: Life threatening respiratory depression, risk of CNS depression from concomitant use with benzodiazepines, addiction, abuse, and misuse, REMS program, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, CYP 3A4 interaction

tramadol

Brand: Ultram, Ultram ER | Class: Analgesic, opioid | Primary Indications: Pain management | Boxed Warnings: Life threatening respiratory depression, risk of CNS depression from concomitant use with benzodiazepines, addiction, abuse, and misuse, REMS program, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome

sertraline

Brand: Zoloft | Class: Antidepressant, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | Primary Indications: Major Depressive Disorder | Boxed Warnings: Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients

escitalopram

Brand: Lexapro | Class: Antidepressant, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | Primary Indications: Major Depressive Disorder | Boxed Warnings: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and yound adults

venlafaxine

Brand: Effexor, Effexor XR | Class: Antidepressant, Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) | Primary Indications: Major Depressive Disorder | Boxed Warnings: Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients

aripiprazole

Brand: Abilify | Class: Antipsychotic, second generation (atypical) | Primary Indications: Schizophrenia | Boxed Warnings: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

gabapentin

Brand: Neurontin, Gralise ER | Class: Antiseizure, GABA analog | Primary Indications: Seizures, Neuralgia | Boxed Warnings: None

alprazolam

Brand: Xanax, Xanax ER | Class: Benzodiazepine | Primary Indications: Anxiety disorders | Boxed Warnings: Risks from concomitant use with opioids Abuse, misuse, and addiction Dependence and withdrawal reactions

zolpidem

Brand: Ambien IR, Ambien CR | Class: Hypnotic, Nonbenzodiazepine Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist | Primary Indications: Insomnia | Boxed Warnings: Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake may occur.

metformin

Brand: Glucophage | Class: Biguanide | Primary Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Boxed Warnings: Lactic acidosis

alendronate

Brand: Fosamax | Class: Bisphosphonate derivative | Primary Indications: Osteoporosis | Boxed Warnings: None

sitagliptin

Brand: Januvia | Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor | Primary Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Boxed Warnings: None

semaglutide

Brand: Ozempic, Wegovy | Class: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist | Primary Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Ozempic), Weight management (Wegovy) | Boxed Warnings: Thyroid C-cell tumor risk, contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of MTC and in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2)

insulin glargine

Brand: Lantus, Toujeo | Class: Insulin, Long-acting | Primary Indications: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Boxed Warnings: None

empagliflozin

Brand: Jardiance | Class: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2 inhibitor) | Primary Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Boxed Warnings: None

levothyroxine

Brand: Synthroid | Class: Thyroid product | Primary Indications: Hypothyroidism | Boxed Warnings: Should not be used for the treatment of obesity or weight loss

omeprazole

Brand: Prilosec | Class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | Primary Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Boxed Warnings: None

ondansetron

Brand: Zofran | Class: Selective Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, Antiemetic | Primary Indications: Nausea and vomiting | Boxed Warnings: None

cephalexin

Brand: Keflex | Class: Antibiotic, 1st gen Cephalosporin | Primary Indications: Bacterial infections | Boxed Warnings: None

azithromycin

Brand: Zithromax | Class: Antibiotic, Macrolide | Primary Indications: Bacterial infections | Boxed Warnings: None

amoxicillin

Brand: Amoxil | Class: Antibiotic, Penicillin | Primary Indications: Bacterial infections | Boxed Warnings: None

sulfamethoxazole (SMX)/ trimethoprim(TMP)

Brand: Bactrim, Bactrim DS | Class: Antibiotic, Sulfonamide derivative | Primary Indications: Bacterial infections | Boxed Warnings: None

fluconazole

Brand: Diflucan | Class: Antifungal, Azole derivative | Primary Indications: Candida infections | Boxed Warnings: None

valacyclovir

Brand: Valtrex | Class: Antiviral Agent | Primary Indications: Viral infections | Boxed Warnings: None

meloxicam

Brand: Mobic | Class: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) | Primary Indications: Pain management | Boxed Warnings: Increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events and serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations, and perforation

amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts

Brand: Adderall, Adderall XR | Class: Central Nervous System Stimulant | Primary Indications: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Boxed Warnings: Abuse, misuse, addiction