HOSA Medical Terminology - The Skeletal System

-iatrist

specialist

ankl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/i, chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

kyph/o

bent, hump

-lysis

loosening or setting free

myel/o

spinal chord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

bone

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o, vertebr/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

acetabulum (ass-eh-TAB-you-lum)

aka hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

allogenic (al-oh-JEN-ick)

originating within another

ankylosing spondylitis (ang-kih-LOH-sing spon-dih-LYE-tis)

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

arthrodesis (ar-throh-DEE-sis)

aka surgical ankylosis; the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder; performed to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint

arthrolysis (ar-THROL-ih-sis)

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

arthroscopy (ar-THROS-koh-pee)

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

autologous (aw-TOL-un-guss)

originating within an individual

avascular necrosis

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

chondromalacia (kon-droh0mah-LAY-shee-ah)

abnormal softening of cartilage

comminuted fracture (KOM-ih-newt-ed)

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

compression fracture

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

costochondritis (kos-toh-kon-DRIGH-tis)

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

craniostenosis (kray-nee-oh-steh-NOH-sis)

abnormal narrowing of the skull

crepitation (krep-ih-TAY-shun)

aka crepitus; the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

dual x-ray absorptiometry (ab-sorp-shee-OM-eh-tree)

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

gout (GOWT)

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

hallux valgus (HAL-ucks VAL-guss)

aka bunion; an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

hemarthrosis (hem-ar-THROH-sis)

blood within a joint

hemopoietic (hee-moh-poy-ET-ick)

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

internal fixation

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRIGH-tis)

an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

kyphosis (kye-FOH-sis)

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

laminectomy (lam-ih-NECK-toh-mee)

the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

lordosis (lor-DOH-sis)

aka sway-back condition; abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

lumbago

(lum-BAY-goh)

aka low back pain; pain of the lumbar region of the spine

malleolus (mah-LEE-oh-lus)

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

manubrium (mah-NEW-bree-um)

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

metacarpals (met-ah-KAR-palz)

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

metatarsals (met-ah-TAHR-salz)

the five bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

myeloma (my-eh-LOH-mah)

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

open fracture

compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound

orthopedic surgeon (or-thoh-PEE-dick)

aka an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

orthotic (or-THOT-ick)

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

osteitis (oss-tee-EYE-tis)

inflammation of the bone

osteoarthritis (oss-tee-oh-ar-THRIGH-tis)

inflammation of the bone and joint

osteochondroma (oss-tee-oh-kon-DROH-mah)

a tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

osteoclasis

(oss-tee-OCK-lah-sis)

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

osteomalacia (oss-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

aka adult rickets; abnormal softening of bones in adults

osteomyelitis (oss-tee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis)

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteopenia (oss-tee-oh-PEE-nee-ah)

thinner than average bone density

osteoporosis (oss-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis)

a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

osteoporotic hip fracture (oss-tee-oh-pah-ROT-ick)

aka broken hip; usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

osteorrhaphy (oss-tee-OR-ah-fee)

the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

Paget's disease (PAJ-its)

a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

pathologic fracture

broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

percutaneous vertebroplasty(per-kyou-TAY-nee-us VER-tee-broh-plas-tee)

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

periostitis (pehr-ee-oss-TYE-tis)

an inflammation of the periosteum; often associated with shin splints

podiatrist (poh-DYE-ah-trist)

a specialist in diagnosing, treating, and correcting disorders of the feet

polymyalgia rheumatica (pol-ee-my-AL-jee-ah roo-MA-tih-kah)

an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

prosthesis (pros-THEE-sis)

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-TRHIGH-tis)

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

rickets (RICK-ets)

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency

scoliosis (skoh-lee-OH-sis)

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

spina bifida (SPY-nah BIF-ih-dah)

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

spondylolisthesis (spon-dih-LOH-sis)

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

spondylosis (spon-dih-LOH-sis)

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

subluxation (sub-luck-SAY-shun)

partial dislocation of a joint

synovectomy (sin-oh-VECK-toh-mee)

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

vertebrae

(VER-teh-bray)

spine

-path

disease

pod

foot

-osis

abnormal condition or disease

-sclerosis

abnormal hardening

-malacia

abnormal softening

-itis

inflammation

hem

blood

poly-

many

my-

muscle

-algia

pain, suffering

ankylosing

progressive stiffening of a joint or joints

lumb

lumbar

-ago

diseased condition

-listhesis

slipping

a-

without

vascul

blood vessel

necrosis

tissue death

-stenosis

abnormal narrowing

peri-

surrounding

-oma

tumor

por

small opening

-penia

deficiency

-scopy

visual examination

-plasty

surgical repair

lamin

lamina