AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS - PARTICLES & RADIATION (copy)

what is the difference between baryons and mesons

baryons decay into protons, mesons do not

what are baryons made up of

three quarks

what are mesons made up of

a quark and an antiquark

what is a proton

a baryon

what is a neutron

a baryon

what are the two types of meson

π and K

what is an electron and electron neutrino

a lepton

what is a muon and a muon neutrino

a lepton

when is strangeness conserved

the strong nuclear force

what is an fundamental particle

a particle that cannot be broken down further

ionisation energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

excitation

when an electron gains enough energy to go up an energy level

ways to ionise an atom

absorbing energy from a photon, absorbing kinetic energy from another mass

work function Φ

the energy required for an electron to escape the surface of a metal

below the threshold frequency

no photolectrons are emitted

exchange particle of electrostatic force

virtual photon

exchange particle of strong nuclear force

gluon

range of strong nuclear force

3 fm

exchange particle of weak nuclear force

w boson

exchange particle of gravitational force

graviton

range of gravitational force and electrostatic force

infinate but decreases in strength proportional to 1/(r^2)

annhilation

when mass converts to energy

pair production

when energy converts to mass

when there are too many neutrons

beta- decay

when there are too many protons

beta+ decay

when there are too many protons and neutrons

alpha decay