citric acid cycle (chapter 16)

the citric acid cycle is also known as the _________ cycle

kreb

the citric acid cycle occurs in the ________

mitochondria

the citric acid cycle does _____ depend on ____ and is more dependent on ______

Not, O2, CoA

the citric acid cycle ___________ monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids all ___________

metabolizes, aerobically

the citric acid cycle will produce __________ _______ and

_____

NADH, FADH2, ATP

in the citric acid cycle the oxidized acetyl group turns into _____ molecules of ___

2, CO2

the fate of the acetyl group depends on our need for _____

energy

if energy is needed the acetyl group wil be _________ catabolized and if it is not needed it will only be catabolized ______

completely, partially

__________ reactions mediate the citric acid cycle

one-way

The firs step of the citric acid cycle is combining __________ and oxaloacetate to make ______ and CoA

Acetyl CoA, citrate

what enzyme mediates the first step of the citric acid cycle?

citrate synthase

is the first step of the citric acid reversable?

no

citrate is a precursor for _____ ________ synthesis

fatty acid

the CoA produced from the first step in the citric acid cycle is _______

recycled

is the second step of the citric acid cycle reversable?

yes

what happens in the second step of the citric acid cycle?

citrate gets converted to isocitrate

what enzyme mediates citrate to isocitrate?

Aconitase

in the third step of glycolysis isocitrate and ______ are reversibly converted to _________ and NADH+ H+ CO2

alpha-ketoglutarate

what enzyme is the third step of the citric acid cycle mediated by?

isocitrate dehydrogenase

the enzyme that mediates the fourth step of the citric acid cycle is called ______________________ _________ ________

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

what happens in the fourth step of the citric acid cycle?

alpha-ketoglutarate donates hydrogens to CoA and NAD+ to form succinyl CoA, NADH+H+CO2

if the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex enzyme is blocked then it will __________ back for ____________ ______ synthesis using citrate

reverse, fatty acid

what can block the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

high ATP and NADH concentrations. As well as arsenic

in the fifth step of the citric acid cycle, succinyl CoA, ADP, and Pi will be reversibly turned into:

succinate, CoA and ATP

what is the enzyme mediating the fifth step of the citric acid cycle?

succinate thiokinase

succinate thiokinase can be called a:

succinyl CoA synthase

the CoA made in the fifth step of the citric acid cycle gets ___________ after formation

released

in the sixth step of the citric acid cycle succinate and ______ react and reversibly form ____________ and FADH2

FAD, fumarate

what enzyme mediates the formation of succinate to fumarate?

succinate dehydrogenase

in the seventh step of the citric acid cycle, fumarate combined with H20 will reversibly form:

Malate

the formation of malate in the citric acid cycle is mediated by:

fumarase

In the eighth step of the citric acid cycle, what gets reformed to restart the cycle?

oxaloacetate

in the eighth step of the citric acid cycle malate will react with ________ to reversibly form __________ and NADH + H+

NAD, oxaloacetate

what enzyme mediates the formation of oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle?

malate dehydrogenase

all the reduced coenzymes formed in the citric acid cycle will go back into the ___________ chain

respiratory

the total ATP made from the complete oxygenation of glucose in all pathways makes for a combined total of _____ ATP's in al tissues except the heart where it is _____ ATP's

30,32

if pyruvate is in the presence of O2 it will go into the ________ and turn into __________

mitochondria, acetyl CoA

if pyruvate is not in the presence of O2 it will become _______

lactate

acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle makes ____

CO2

blood glucose is cellular glucose made by _______

insulin

cell glucose is form _____________ ___ _____________ and glucokinase

Glucose-6-phosphate

in glycolysis glucose-6-phosphate becomes ___________ ___ ________ and makes _______

fructose-6-phospahte, pyruvate